Advantages and Disadvantages of Aquatic Plant Management Techniques

Madsen, John D.

doi:10.21236/ada392169

Cited by 29 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These methods are generally species specific, site specific and habitat specific. The merits and demerits of each method are discussed in greater detail [66,67].…”

Section: Physical Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alien Invasive Aquatic Plant Species in Botswana: Historical Perspective and Management

Kurugundla¹,

Mathangwane²,

Sakuringwa³

et al. 2016

TOPSJ

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Aquatic ecosystems in Botswana have been under threat by the aquatic alien invasive plant species viz., salvinia Salvinia molesta Mitchell, water lettuce Pistia stratiotes L., and water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laub. While salvinia has been termed the major threat to the Botswana wetlands, water lettuce and water hyacinth are considered to be of minor importance. This review presents the species biology, distribution, historical spread, negative impacts, control achieved right from their discovery in the country by referring to their control and management in the world.Having infested the Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers in the 1970s, salvinia was initially tried by the use of herbicides, paraquat and glyphosate, between 1972 and 1976. With the discovery of the host specific biological control weevil Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder and Sands in 1981, the weevil was introduced by Namibians on Kwando and Chobe Rivers in 1983 and by Botswana in 1986 in the Okavango Delta. While the control was slowly establishing in Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers, it became apparent that lakes and perennial swamps within and outside Moremi Game Reserve of the Okavango Delta were infested with salvinia from 1992 onwards.With continuous and sustained liberation of the weevil in the Kwando-Linyanti-Chobe Rivers and in the Okavango Delta between 1999 and 2000, salvinia control was achieved by 2003, and since then the weevil constantly keeps the weed at low levels. The success is mainly due to sustainable monitoring through the application of physical and biological control methods. However, salvinia is still threatening the Okavango Delta due to factors such as tourism activities, boat navigation fishing and transporttion by wild animals.The first occurrence of water lettuce was recorded on Kwando and Chobe Rivers in 1986. Its biocontrol weevil Neohydronomous affinis Hustache was released in the year 1987. The weevil became extinct in Selinda Canal and Zibadianja Lake on Kwando River due to dry and wet events for over 10 years and the weed had been under control biologically on Chobe River. Having surface covered the Selinda and a part of the Zibadianja in high flood and rainfall in 1999/2000 season, research was undertaken to contain water lettuce, which led to its eradication by 2005. Regular physical removal of the water lettuce prior to fruit maturity is an effective method of control or eradicating the weed in seasonal water bodies.The Limpopo Basin (shared by Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe and Mozambique) has become vulnerable to water hyacinth infestation. Water hyacinth infested the trans-boundary Limpopo River in 2010 sourced from Hartbeesport Dam on Crocodile River in South Africa. Botswana and South Africa have been consulting each other to implement integrated control of the weed jointly in the Limpopo River. Water hyacinth could be a continuous threat to the dams and the rivers in the Limpopo basin if its control is not taken seriously.These three species are found growing in Botswana in a range of pH...

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“…These methods are generally species specific, site specific and habitat specific. The merits and demerits of each method are discussed in greater detail [66,67].…”

Section: Physical Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alien Invasive Aquatic Plant Species in Botswana: Historical Perspective and Management

Kurugundla¹,

Mathangwane²,

Sakuringwa³

et al. 2016

TOPSJ

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“…Endothall did not provide lasting control as it affected plants only at the point of contact and usually did not kill root crowns, roots and rhizomes (Madsen 2000). Granular formulation is preferable when treating young vegetation still close to the bottom of a water body, but a liquid formulation can be applied with a weighted hose to deliver the herbicide as close to the bottom as possible (Mackey and Swarbrick 1997).…”

Section: Response To Herbicides and Other Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some level of management will always be required, and should be tailored to the specific needs and priorities at each site. Madsen (2000) recommended that aquatic plant management plans be based on a clear characterization of the use, restrictions and priorities of each distinct area in the affected water body. Management techniques can then be chosen based on intensity of site use, and economic, social, environmental and technical constraints.…”

Section: Response To Other Human Manipulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 7. Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray

Wilson¹,

Darbyshire²,

Jones³

2007

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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A. Gray. Can. J. Plant Sci. 87: 615-638. The freshwater aquatic plant Cabomba caroliniana, or fanwort, was recently reported in a lake northeast of Peterborough, Ontario, where it has successfully established and survived winter conditions since at least 1991. This is the first documented occurrence of fanwort becoming naturalized in Canada. Fanwort is a popular aquarium plant that is native to South America and possibly the southeastern United States and has been introduced in several Asian, Pacific and European countries through the discarding or deliberate planting of aquarium plants in natural waterways. It is particularly invasive in China, Japan and Australia, and in parts of the United States, where its range is spreading. Fanwort grows rapidly and forms dense stands that clog waterways, impeding flow, obstructing navigation, altering fish habitat and excluding other vegetation. It does not produce mature seed in the northern parts of its North American range, but can multiply clonally and spread quickly by stem fragmentation. It produces turion-like stems at the end of the growing season, which assist in over-wintering under adverse conditions. Fanwort is difficult to control with herbicides and is resistant to mechanical management techniques as populations can quickly re-establish from plant fragments. Populations near the Trent-Severn Waterway in Canada are extensively established and management tools are not available to attempt eradication. An integrated management plan that focuses on early detection and rapid response in surrounding water bodies may succeed in mitigating the economic and environmental impacts and limiting the spread of fanwort. s'avère particulièrement envahissante en Chine, au Japon et en Australie ainsi que dans les parties des États-Unis qui prolongent son aire naturelle. Le cabomba de Caroline pousse rapidement pour former des peuplements denses qui obstruent les cours d'eau, réduisent le débit, nuisent à la navigation, modifient l'habitat des poissons et supplantent d'autres espèces végétales. Ses semences ne parviennent pas à maturité dans les parties septentrionales de son aire nord-américaine, mais la plante se multiplie par clonage et se propage rapidement par fragmentation de la tige. À la fin de la période végétative, ses tiges ressemblent à des turions, ce qui l'aide à traverser l'hiver quand les conditions sont difficiles. Le désherbage chimique du cabomba de Caroline manque d'efficacité et la plante résiste aux techniques de désherbage mécanique, les peuplements se rétablissant rapidement à partir des fragments végétaux. Les populations près de la voie navigable de Trent-Severn, au Canada, sont très bien établis et on ne possède pas les outils de gestion qui permettraient de les éradiquer. Un programme de lutte intégrée misant sur un dépistage précoce et une intervention rapide dans les plans d'eau voisins pourrait concourir à atténuer les conséquences économiques et environnementales du cabomba de Caroline tout en freinant sa propagation.

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“…Dentre os adjuvantes que vêm sendo pesquisados para formulações de micoerbicidas, destacam-se os surfatantes; as substâncias que fornecem nutrientes aos agentes de biocontrole; os protetores contra dissecação; e, finalmente, os inibidores de resistência da hospedeira, que geralmente são usados em emulsões invertidas (Amsellem et al, 1991;Womak & Burge, 1993;Borges Neto et al, 1998). A utilização de herbicidas em associação com potenciais micoerbicidas no controle de macrófitas aquáticas tem sido estudada (Nelson et al, 1998;Getsinger et al, 2001;David et al, 2001); contudo, maior ên-fase tem sido dada ao manejo integrado com a utilização de diversas técnicas de controle (Madsen, 2000;Krischik, 2002;Lembi, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Adjuvantes e herbicidas e a infectividade de Fusarium graminearum, agente potencial de biocontrole de Egeria densa e Egeria najas

Neto

Pitelli

2004

Planta daninha

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RESUMO -Foram estudados os efeitos da adição de adjuvantes e a associação com herbicidas na infectividade do fungo dentro do patossistema Fusarium graminearum x Egeria spp. Foram utilizadas plantas sadias de Egeria densa e E. najas inoculadas com uma suspensão de arroz moído colonizado por F. graminearum, na concentração de 0,7 g L -1 . Os tubos de ensaio contendo as plantas imersas na referida suspensão foram mantidos em incubadora à temperatura de 25 o C e fotoperíodo de 12 horas diárias de luz, por oito dias, durante os quais foram avaliados os sintomas nas plantas a cada dois dias e o crescimento destas através do incremento de matéria fresca ao final do experimento. O efeito de 14 adjuvantes e 6 herbicidas, adicionados à suspensão de inóculo, sobre a ação de F. graminearum em E. densa e E. najas foi avaliado. De modo geral, os adjuvantes melhoraram a eficiência do bioerbicida e a associação herbicida + fungo proporcionou maior severidade de doença e controle do crescimento das plantas.Palavras-chave : bioerbicida, Elodea, macrófitas aquáticas submersas, controle biológico. ABSTRACT -The effects of adding adjuvants and their association with herbicides on fungus infectivity were studied in the

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Aquatic Plant Management Techniques

Cited by 29 publications

References 24 publications

Alien Invasive Aquatic Plant Species in Botswana: Historical Perspective and Management

Alien Invasive Aquatic Plant Species in Botswana: Historical Perspective and Management

The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 7. Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray

Adjuvantes e herbicidas e a infectividade de Fusarium graminearum, agente potencial de biocontrole de Egeria densa e Egeria najas

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