“…1(a)) seems to be relatively smooth and there are some small impurities absorbed on the fibre surface, which were introduced during the fibre manufacturing process. Under a treatment temperature of 450°C the surface does not look appreciably different when compared to untreated ones, which suggests that the treatment was mild and did not cause essential morphological changes on the fibre surface [14]. However, by using the gas physical adsorption technique, Wan et al [11] reported that after treatment under a similar condition mentioned above, the total carbon fibre surface area was doubled.…”