Advantage of Regional Algorithms for the Chlorophyll-a Concentration Retrieval from In Situ Optical Measurements in the Kara Sea

Abstract

The data of the sea reflectance coefficient were obtained during the cruise of the R/V “Akademik Ioffe” (10 August–8 September 2021) in the Kara Sea beyond the Arctic Circle. A total of 28 measurements of sea reflectance were performed in different conditions ranging from estuarine zones to open ocean. In addition, at 10 stations, water samples were taken, and chlorophyll-a concentrations were determined using the fluorometric method. In situ reflectance data were compared to satellite data (MODIS Aqua/Terra, Sentinel OLCI 3A/B, VIIRS SNPP) obtained within 24 h before and after the measurement. It was shown that, in general, an overestimation of remote sensing reflectance is observed in short-wave channels (412, 443, 469 nm for MODIS; 410, 412.5, 442.5 for OLCI) and underestimation in long-wave channels (708.75, 753.75 nm for OLCI). The obtained in situ chlorophyll-a concentrations were compared with the results of standard models (GIOP, OC2, OC3, OC4), and regional algorithms (semi-analytical MHI, empirical K17) were applied to the in situ and remotely sensed reflectances. In the cases of GIOP and OC4, unrealistic concentrations of chlorophyll-a were obtained. Regional algorithms developed earlier, specifically for the Kara Sea, showed good correlation (0.6 and 0.76) with in situ measurements. Despite the approximately 20% overestimation of chlorophyll-a by both regional algorithms, they can be used to obtain chlorophyll-a concentrations in the Kara Sea in a concentration range of <1 mg/m3.

Inversion and Analysis of Global Ocean Chlorophyll-a Concentration Based on Temperature Zoning

“…Moreover, improvements have been made in regions with different chlorophyll-a concentrations, such as modifying the OC3V algorithm based on VIIRS for different chlorophyll-a concentration regions [9]. Some scholars have even chosen not to use satellite remotely sensed reflectance but instead conducted inversions based on field-measured remote sensing reflectance, such as inverting chlorophyll-a concentrations using standard algorithms based on field-measured remote sensing reflectance in the Kara Sea [10]. Currently, the focus of optimizing global ocean chlorophyll-a inversion algorithms lies in adapting the algorithms to different sensors or adjusting the inversion regions to various parts of the globe.…”