Advantage for the sex changer who retains the gonad of the nonfunctional sex

Yamaguchi, Sachi; Iwasa, Yoh

doi:10.1007/s00265-017-2269-5

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…A key assumption of the model studied in the present paper is that the cost of the replacement of cells by cells of different types is caused by the delay before new chloride cells to become fully functional. A similar effect of delay in phenotypic transition was studied for sex change in coral reef fishes [17]. In most species of sexchanging fishes (for example, from female to male), sex change requires time for the development of the gonad of the new sex (testis), which is from several weeks to several months [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Optimal Composition of Chloride Cells for Osmoregulation in a Randomly Fluctuating Environment

Uchiyama

Iwasa

Yamaguchi

2021

Preprint

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Fish live in water with a different osmotic pressure from that in the body. Their gills have chloride cells that transport ions to maintain an appropriate level of osmotic pressure in the body. The direction of ion transport is different between seawater and freshwater. There are two types of chloride cells that specialize in unidirectional transport and generalist cells that can switch their function quickly in response to environmental salinity. In species that experience salinity changes throughout life (euryhaline species), individuals may replace some chloride cells with cells of different types upon a sudden change in environmental salinity. In this paper, we develop a dynamic optimization model for the chloride cell composition of an individual living in an environment with randomly fluctuating salinity. The optimal solution is to minimize the sum of the workload of chloride cells in coping with the difference in osmotic pressure, the maintenance cost, and the temporal cost due to environmental change. The optimal fraction of generalist chloride cells increases with the frequency of salinity changes and the time needed for new cells to be fully functional but decreases with excess maintenance cost.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…On the other hand, keeping the currently unused gonad could incur costs. Dynamic programming analysis showed that the advantage of keeping gonads that are not currently in use depends on the frequency of social status changes [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Composition of Chloride Cells for Osmoregulation in a Randomly Fluctuating Environment

Uchiyama

Iwasa

Yamaguchi

2021

Preprint

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“…Bidirectional sex change, a rarer system in teleosts (Table 1 ), further demonstrates the importance of gonadal plasticity. In most cases, the initial strategy is protogyny 92 , but after sex change adult males can revert back to females when triggered by new social conditions. The retention of some female gonadal tissue in males facilitates a new change of sex, if and when required 93 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switches, stability and reversals in the evolutionary history of sexual systems in fish

et al. 2022

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Sexual systems are highly diverse and have profound consequences for population dynamics and resilience. Yet, little is known about how they evolved. Using phylogenetic Bayesian modelling and a sample of 4614 species, we show that gonochorism is the likely ancestral condition in teleost fish. While all hermaphroditic forms revert quickly to gonochorism, protogyny and simultaneous hermaphroditism are evolutionarily more stable than protandry. In line with theoretical expectations, simultaneous hermaphroditism does not evolve directly from gonochorism but can evolve slowly from sequential hermaphroditism, particularly protandry. We find support for the predictions from life history theory that protogynous, but not protandrous, species live longer than gonochoristic species and invest the least in male gonad mass. The distribution of teleosts’ sexual systems on the tree of life does not seem to reflect just adaptive predictions, suggesting that adaptations alone may not fully explain why some sexual forms evolve in some taxa but not others (Williams’ paradox). We propose that future studies should incorporate mating systems, spawning behaviours, and the diversity of sex determining mechanisms. Some of the latter might constrain the evolution of hermaphroditism, while the non-duality of the embryological origin of teleost gonads might explain why protogyny predominates over protandry in teleosts.

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“…The retention of some female gonadal tissue in males facilitates a new change of sex, if and when required 86 . Thus, it 500 has been argued that in bidirectional sex change it should be less expensive for a male to 501 maintain a non-functional female gonad than for a female to maintain a non-functional male 502 gonad 85 : females typically use the full gonad to produce eggs, while males could afford to spare 503 some tissue as ovarian given that their mating success should not be greatly affected by a slight 504 reduction in sperm production 86 (e.g., in some monogamous gobies of the genus Trimma). The maintenance of both gonadal tissues could facilitate a transition to simultaneous hermaphroditism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bidirectional sex change, a rarer system in teleosts (Table 1), further demonstrates the importance of gonadal plasticity. In most cases, the initial strategy is protogyny 93 , but males can revert back to females when triggered by new social conditions. The retention of some female gonadal tissue in males facilitates a new change of sex, if and when required 94 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switches, stability and reversals: the evolutionary history of sexual systems in fish

Quirante

Benvenuto

Capellini

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Sexual systems are highly diverse and have profound consequences for population dynamics and resilience. Yet, little is known about how they evolved. Using phylogenetic Bayesian modelling on 4740 species, we show that gonochorism is the likely ancestral condition in teleost fish. While all hermaphroditic forms revert quickly to gonochorism, protogyny and simultaneous hermaphroditism are evolutionarily more stable than protandry. Importantly, simultaneous hermaphroditism can evolve directly from gonochorism, in contrast to theoretical expectations. We find support for predictions from life history theory that protogynous species live longer than gonochoristic species, are smaller than protandrous species, have males maturing later than protandrous males, and invest the least in male gonad mass. The large-scale distribution of sexual systems on the tree of life does not seem to reflect just adaptive predictions and thus does not fully explain why some sexual forms evolve in some taxa but not others (William’s paradox). We propose that future studies should take into account the diversity of sex determining mechanisms. Some of these might constrain the evolution of hermaphroditism, while the non-duality of the embryological origin of teleost gonads might explain why protogyny predominates over protandry in this extraordinarily diverse group of animals.

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Advantage for the sex changer who retains the gonad of the nonfunctional sex

Cited by 16 publications

References 52 publications

Optimal Composition of Chloride Cells for Osmoregulation in a Randomly Fluctuating Environment

Optimal Composition of Chloride Cells for Osmoregulation in a Randomly Fluctuating Environment

Switches, stability and reversals in the evolutionary history of sexual systems in fish

Switches, stability and reversals: the evolutionary history of sexual systems in fish

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