Advancing the use of minirhizotrons in wetlands

Iversen, Colleen M.; Murphy, Meaghan; Allen, Michael F.; Childs, Joanne; Eissenstat, David M.; Lilleskov, Erik A.; Sarjala, T.; Sloan, V. L.; Sullivan, Patrick F.

doi:10.1007/s11104-011-0953-1

Cited by 58 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…Images of roots growing along the minirhizotron wall at particular locations in the soil profile can be captured over time Iversen et al (2011), Maeght et al (2013) RhizoTube (INRA, France)…”

Section: Salient Features Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerating genetic gains in legumes for the development of prosperous smallholder agriculture: integrating genomics, phenotyping, systems modelling and agronomy

Varshney

Thudi

Pandey

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Botany

102

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Grain legumes form an important component of the human diet, provide feed for livestock, and replenish soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation. Globally, the demand for food legumes is increasing as they complement cereals in protein requirements and possess a high percentage of digestible protein. Climate change has enhanced the frequency and intensity of drought stress, posing serious production constraints, especially in rainfed regions where most legumes are produced. Genetic improvement of legumes, like other crops, is mostly based on pedigree and performance-based selection over the past half century. To achieve faster genetic gains in legumes in rainfed conditions, this review proposes the integration of modern genomics approaches, high throughput phenomics, and simulation modelling in support of crop improvement that leads to improved varieties that perform with appropriate agronomy. Selection intensity, generation interval, and improved operational efficiencies in breeding are expected to further enhance the genetic gain in experimental plots. Improved seed access to farmers, combined with appropriate agronomic packages in farmers' fields, will deliver higher genetic gains. Enhanced genetic gains, including not only productivity but also nutritional and market traits, will increase the profitability of farming and the availability of affordable nutritious food especially in developing countries.

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Section: Salient Features Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerating genetic gains in legumes for the development of prosperous smallholder agriculture: integrating genomics, phenotyping, systems modelling and agronomy

Varshney

Thudi

Pandey

et al. 2018

Journal of Experimental Botany

102

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“…Minirhizotrons are clear tubes permanently installed into the peat profile, and the upper surface of the minirhizotron is repeatedly imaged over time with a specially designed camera. Individual roots in each minirhizotron image are assessed for their length and diameter to quantify fine-root births, growth, and deaths over time (Iversen et al, 2012).…”

Section: Fine-root Production and Peak Standing Cropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Variation in Peatland Carbon Cycling and Implications for Interpreting Responses of an Ecosystem‐Scale Warming Experiment

Griffiths

Hanson

Ricciuto

et al. 2017

Soil Science Soc of Amer J

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We are conducting a large-scale, long-term climate change response experiment in an ombrotrophic peat bog in Minnesota to evaluate the effects of warming and elevated CO 2 on ecosystem processes using empirical and modeling approaches. To better frame future assessments of peatland responses to climate change, we characterized and compared spatial vs. temporal variation in measured C cycle processes and their environmental drivers. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis of a peatland C model to identify how variation in ecosystem parameters contributes to model prediction uncertainty. High spatial variability in C cycle processes resulted in the inability to determine if the bog was a C source or sink, as the 95% confidence interval ranged from a source of 50 g C m -2 yr -1 to a sink of 67 g C m -2 yr -1 . Model sensitivity analysis also identified that spatial variation in tree and shrub photosynthesis, allocation characteristics, and maintenance respiration all contributed to large variations in the pretreatment estimates of net C balance. Variation in ecosystem processes can be more thoroughly characterized if more measurements are collected for parameters that are highly variable over space and time, and especially if those measurements encompass environmental gradients that may be driving the spatial and temporal variation (e.g., hummock vs. hollow microtopographies, and wet vs. dry years). Together, the coupled modeling and empirical approaches indicate that variability in C cycle processes and their drivers must be taken into account when interpreting the significance of experimental warming and elevated CO 2 treatments. Core Ideas• We compared spatial vs. temporal variation in C cycle processes and drivers in a bog.• The bog was indistinguishable as a C source or sink because of high spatial variation.• Sensitive C cycle parameters in the model differed under ambient vs. warming scenarios.• Characterizing pretreatment variability is necessary when interpreting warming effects.Abbreviations: ELM_SPRUCE; SPRUCE-specific version of the Energy Exascale Earth System model; ANPP, aboveground net primary production; CI, confidence interval; [CO 2 ], CO 2 concentration; DOC, dissolved organic C; flnr, fraction of leaf N in ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/

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“…Although this method to estimate root biomass differ from the one used at the other stands, in well mixed soils with no rocks and shallow root layers like those from this wetland site, soil cores have been shown to estimate accurately soil properties and biomass (Ellert et al, 2008;Harrison et al, 2003). To further improve the representativeness of the roots sampled, we collected soil cores on tree mounds and between the trees because it is important to comprehensively sample microtopography when coring wetland soils (Iversen et al, 2011). The intact humus and soil cores were divided into four layers by depth: 0-10 cm (humus layer), 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm 30-40 cm.…”

Section: Piedmont Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conversion of natural forests to managed forest plantations decreases tree resistance to prolonged droughts

Domec

King

Ward

et al. 2015

Forest Ecology and Management

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a b s t r a c tThroughout the southern US, past forest management practices have replaced large areas of native forests with loblolly pine plantations and have resulted in changes in forest response to extreme weather conditions. However, uncertainty remains about the response of planted versus natural species to drought across the geographical range of these forests. Taking advantage of a cluster of unmanaged stands (85-130 year-old hardwoods) and managed plantations (17-20 year-old loblolly pine) in coastal and Piedmont areas of North Carolina, tree water use, cavitation resistance, whole-tree hydraulic (K tree ) and stomatal (G s ) conductances were measured in four sites covering representative forests growing in the region. We also used a hydraulic model to predict the resilience of those sites to extreme soil drying. Our objectives were to determine: (1) if K tree and stomatal regulation in response to atmospheric and soil droughts differ between species and sites; (2) how ecosystem type, through tree water use, resistance to cavitation and rooting profiles, affects the water uptake limit that can be reached under drought; and (3) the influence of stand species composition on critical transpiration that sets a functional water uptake limit under drought conditions. The results show that across sites, water stress affected the coordination between K tree and G s . As soil water content dropped below 20% relative extractable water, K tree declined faster and thus explained the decrease in G s and in its sensitivity to vapor pressure deficit. Compared to branches, the capability of roots to resist high xylem tension has a great impact on tree-level water use and ultimately had important implications for pine plantations resistance to future summer droughts. Model simulations revealed that the decline in K tree due to xylem cavitation aggravated the effects of soil drying on tree transpiration. The critical transpiration rate (E crit ), which corresponds to the maximum rate at which transpiration begins to level off to prevent irreversible hydraulic failure, was higher in managed forest plantations than in their unmanaged counterparts. However, even with this higher E crit , the pine plantations operated very close to their critical leaf water potentials (i.e. to their permissible water potentials without total hydraulic failure), suggesting that intensively managed plantations are more drought-sensitive and can withstand less severe drought than natural forests.

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Advancing the use of minirhizotrons in wetlands

Cited by 58 publications

References 94 publications

Accelerating genetic gains in legumes for the development of prosperous smallholder agriculture: integrating genomics, phenotyping, systems modelling and agronomy

Accelerating genetic gains in legumes for the development of prosperous smallholder agriculture: integrating genomics, phenotyping, systems modelling and agronomy

Temporal and Spatial Variation in Peatland Carbon Cycling and Implications for Interpreting Responses of an Ecosystem‐Scale Warming Experiment

Conversion of natural forests to managed forest plantations decreases tree resistance to prolonged droughts

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