Advancing the dynamic mechanical analysis of biomass: comparison of tensile-torsion and compressive-torsion wood DMA

Chowdhury, Sudip; Fabiyi, James S.; Frazier, Charles E.

doi:10.1515/hf.2010.123

Cited by 24 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…There are also observed thermal transitions whose origins are not known, such as the shoulders observed in the main mechanical damping peak of water-saturated wood by Chowdhury et al [197].…”

Section: Supplementary Discussion For Wood Polymer Glass Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Moisture on Diffusion in Unmodified Wood Cell Walls: A Phenomenological Polymer Science Approach

Jakes

Hunt

Zelinka

et al. 2019

Forests

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Despite the importance of cell wall diffusion to nearly all aspects of wood utilization, diffusion mechanisms and the detailed effects of moisture remain poorly understood. In this perspective, we introduce and employ approaches established in polymer science to develop a phenomenological framework for understanding the effects of moisture on diffusion in unmodified wood cell walls. The premise for applying this polymer-science-based approach to wood is that wood polymers (cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin) behave like typical solid polymers. Therefore, the movement of chemicals through wood cell walls is a diffusion process through a solid polymer, which is in contrast to previous assertions that transport of some chemicals occurs via aqueous pathways in the cell wall layers. Diffusion in polymers depends on the interrelations between free volume in the polymer matrix, molecular motions of the polymer, diffusant dimensions, and solubility of the diffusant in the polymer matrix. Because diffusion strongly depends on whether a polymer is in a rigid glassy state or soft rubbery state, it is important to understand glass transitions in the amorphous wood polymers. Through a review and analysis of available literature, we conclude that in wood both lignin and the amorphous polysaccharides very likely have glass transitions. After developing and presenting this polymer-science-based perspective of diffusion through unmodified wood cell walls, suggested directions for future research are discussed. A key consideration is that a large difference between diffusion through wood polymers and typical polymers is the high swelling pressures that can develop in unmodified wood cell walls. This pressure likely arises from the hierarchical structure of wood and should be taken into consideration in the development of predictive models for diffusion in unmodified wood cell walls.

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Section: Supplementary Discussion For Wood Polymer Glass Transitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Moisture on Diffusion in Unmodified Wood Cell Walls: A Phenomenological Polymer Science Approach

Jakes

Hunt

Zelinka

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…The experiment was conducted with a TA Instruments ARG2 rheometer. Compressive-torsion disc specimens were tested in parallel-plate torsion such that the cylinder axis (thickness direction) was parallel to the torsional axis and the cylinder ends were in contact with the parallel plates in accordance with Chowdhury et al (2010). The only grain orientation tested was defined as TR.…”

Section: Determination Of Rheological Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-infrared spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis of heat-treated obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon)wood

Fabiyi

Ogunleye

2015

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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The chemical structure change and rheological behaviour of heat-treated Obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon) wood were investigated. Wood samples were treated at 160 and 200°C for 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were employed to characterize the chemical structure and rheological property of the heat-treated wood, respectively. Infrared data showed that there was a reduction in the number of hydroxyl groups (one of the factors normally attributed to water absorption) of heat treated wood relative to the control samples. The relative cellulose crystallinity increased slightly which may be one of the factors contributing to the stiffness of the heat-treated wood. The latter increases with increasing treatment temperature and time. The rheological properties of the wood samples were tested while submerged in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvent under saturated conditions. DMA results showed that the increasing heat treatment time caused an increase in the glass transition temperature relative to the control sample, irrespective of the treatment temperature. Therefore, heat treatment at moderately high temperatures (160 and 200 °C) showed an interesting potential which could be used to reduce water absorption and improve flexural modulus of Obeche wood.

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“…3 We have also recently studied the thermal softening characteristics of lignin with dynamic rheology. 93,94 An attractive feature of thermorheological analysis using torsional dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is that it provides a platform to study the viscoelastic properties of lignin as a function of either temperature or time with control over heating rates and applied stress. T d is typically observed at temperatures exceeding 200 • C and is typically measured with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).…”

Section: Fiber Spinningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-based Carbon Fibers

Dallmeyer

Kadla

2014

Handbook of Green Materials

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An overview of the production of carbon fibers based on lignin is presented. The structure, isolation, and properties of lignin are first discussed in the context of their effects on carbon fiber production. A general overview of carbon fiber manufacturing is then presented to provide background for a discussion of previous and current research on lignin-based carbon fiber. Current research on fiber spinning, thermostabilization, and carbonization of lignin is reviewed and directions for future research are discussed. Finally, emerging new opportunities for lignin-based carbon fiber in non-structural applications are presented, highlighting recent research from our laboratory on the production of sub-micron and nanometer scale carbon fibers by electrospinning of lignin. IntroductionCarbon fibers (CFs) are rather unique materials which can simultaneously display high tensile strength (up to ∼7 GPa), high tensile modulus (up to 900 GPa), and low density (ρ = 1.75-2.00 gcm −3 ). 1 These properties make CF an ideal reinforcement material in high-strength, lightweight composite materials used in aerospace, automotive, marine, and sporting goods applications. 1−4 The electrical, thermal, and surface properties of CF can also be engineered to exhibit different characteristics, making them useful as adsorbents, 5 catalyst supports, 6 biomedical materials, 7 electromagnetic shielding, 8 and in other electrical applications 8 such as electrical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) for energy storage or capacitive deionization, 9−14 Li + -ion batteries, 15−17 fuel cells, 18,19 and dye-sensitized solar cells. 20 Unfortunately, high cost is an obstacle to large-scale implementation of CFs and their composites for automotive and energy applications. The dominant precursor for CF today are synthetic poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN)-based copolymers. PAN precursor costs have been reported to account for approximately half of the manufacturing cost of high-performance CF, which was reported to be in the range of ∼US$12.25 to US$30/kg. 21 Replacement of PAN with lower-cost precursors could expand the range of applications for CF.

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Advancing the dynamic mechanical analysis of biomass: comparison of tensile-torsion and compressive-torsion wood DMA

Cited by 24 publications

References 12 publications

Effects of Moisture on Diffusion in Unmodified Wood Cell Walls: A Phenomenological Polymer Science Approach

Effects of Moisture on Diffusion in Unmodified Wood Cell Walls: A Phenomenological Polymer Science Approach

Mid-infrared spectroscopy and dynamic mechanical analysis of heat-treated obeche (Triplochiton scleroxylon)wood

Lignin-based Carbon Fibers

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