Advancing Health Disparities Research: The Need to Include Asian American Subgroup Populations

Yom, Stephanie; Lor, Maichou

doi:10.1007/s40615-021-01164-8

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…This further highlights the need to also examine cultural values at the individual level. Seventh, to better address health disparities there is a need to focus on smaller-sized subgroup populations within Asian Americans 54 . As this study was one of the first studies to investigate these variables in the context of PTSD among Asian Americans, we adopted the approach of past researchers and focused on Asian Americans as a group 21 , 43 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the associations between cognitive appraisals, emotion regulation and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among Asian American and European American trauma survivors

Jobson

Willoughby

Specker

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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This study investigated whether the associations between emotion regulation and cognitive appraisals and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) differ between Asian American and European American trauma survivors. Asian American (n = 103) and European American (n = 104) trauma survivors were recruited through mTurk and completed an on-line questionnaire assessing cognitive appraisals, emotion regulation and PTSD symptomatology. The European American group reported greater trauma-specific rumination, psychological inflexibility, seeking out others for comfort, and negative self-appraisals than the Asian American group. The Asian American group reported greater secondary control appraisals and cultural beliefs about adversity than the European American group. Second, cultural group moderated the associations between (a) brooding rumination, (b) fatalism, (c) self-blame, and (d) negative communal self-appraisals and PTSD symptoms. These associations were larger for the European American group than the Asian American group. Third, there was an indirect pathway from self-construal (independent and interdependent) to PTSD symptoms through certain emotion regulation approaches and cognitive appraisals. Additionally, cultural group was found to moderate several of these indirect effects. These findings highlight the importance of considering cultural background and cultural values in understanding the processes involved in PTSD. Further research in this area is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the associations between cognitive appraisals, emotion regulation and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among Asian American and European American trauma survivors

Jobson

Willoughby

Specker

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Further study and improved research methodologies, such as data disaggregation and uniform collection of Asian race and Asian subgroup ethnicity data [23][24][25], are needed to better understand the factors contributing to the elevated risk for COVID-19 morbidity observed in Bay Area Asian individuals, as a whole. These studies should include more robust collection of individual-specific social determinants of health, further investigation of biomedical risk factors, and identification of relevant factors that may not be captured within current measures of social vulnerability, such as the multiple effects of structural and interpersonal racism [26] that could, as just one example, affect the willingness of Asian individuals to seek or receive equitable and timely health care [27].…”

Section: Implications and Next Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Social Vulnerability on COVID-19 Positivity, Hospitalization, and Death in the San Francisco Bay Area

Cho

Hwang

2022

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Background Higher COVID-19 incidence and morbidity have been documented for US Black and Hispanic populations but not as clearly for other racial and ethnic groups. Efforts to elucidate the mechanisms underlying racial health disparities can be confounded by the relationship between race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Objective Examine race/ethnicity and social vulnerability effects on COVID-19 outcomes in the San Francisco Bay Area, an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse region, using geocoded patient records from 2020 in the

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“…Although often lumped together into one racial construct, Asian communities encompass wide diversity in ancestry, culture, religion, language, immigration status, educational attainment, socioeconomic status, and experience with racism (including internal, interpersonal, and structural) [22]. Further study and improved research methodologies, such as data disaggregation and uniform collection of Asian race and Asian subgroup ethnicity data [23, 24, 25], are needed to better understand the factors contributing to the elevated risk for COVID-19 morbidity observed in Bay Area Asian individuals, as a whole. These studies should include more robust collection of individual-specific social determinants of health, further investigation of biomedical risk factors, and identification of relevant factors that may not be captured within current measures of social vulnerability, such as the multiple effects of structural and interpersonal racism [26] that could, as just one example, affect the willingness of Asian individuals to seek or receive equitable and timely health care [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Social Vulnerability on COVID-19 Positivity, Hospitalization, and Death in the San Francisco Bay Area

Cho

Hwang

2022

Preprint

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BACKGROUND: Higher COVID-19 incidence and morbidity have been amply documented for US Black and Hispanic populations but not as clearly for other racial and ethnic groups. Efforts to elucidate the mechanisms underlying racial health disparities can be confounded by the relationship between race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status. OBJECTIVE: Examine race/ethnicity and social vulnerability effects on COVID-19 outcomes in the San Francisco Bay Area, an ethnically and socioeconomically diverse region. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Geocoded patient records from the University of California, San Francisco Health system between January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. PATIENTS: Patients who underwent polymerase chain reaction testing for COVID-19. EXPOSURES: Race/ethnicity and Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). MAIN MEASURES: COVID-19 test frequency, positivity, hospitalization rates, and mortality. KEY RESULTS: Higher social vulnerability, but not race/ethnicity, was associated with less frequent testing yet a higher likelihood of testing positive. Asian hospitalization rates (11.5\%) were double that of White patients (5.4\%) and exceeded the rates for Black (9.3\%) and Hispanic (6.9\%) groups. A modest relationship between higher hospitalization rates and increasing social vulnerability was evident only for White individuals. The Hispanic group had the lowest mean age at death and thus highest years of expected life lost due to COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 outcomes were not consistently explained by greater socioeconomic vulnerability. Asian individuals showed disproportionately high rates of hospitalization regardless of socioeconomic status. Study of the San Francisco Bay Area population not only provides valuable insights into the differential contributions of race/ethnicity and social determinants of health to COVID-19 outcomes but also emphasizes that all racial groups have experienced the toll of the pandemic, albeit in different ways and to varying degrees.

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Advancing Health Disparities Research: The Need to Include Asian American Subgroup Populations

Cited by 42 publications

References 105 publications

Investigating the associations between cognitive appraisals, emotion regulation and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among Asian American and European American trauma survivors

Investigating the associations between cognitive appraisals, emotion regulation and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among Asian American and European American trauma survivors

Differential Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Social Vulnerability on COVID-19 Positivity, Hospitalization, and Death in the San Francisco Bay Area

Differential Effects of Race/Ethnicity and Social Vulnerability on COVID-19 Positivity, Hospitalization, and Death in the San Francisco Bay Area

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