Advancing from Efficiency to Sustainability in Swedish Medium-sized Cities: An Approach for Recommending Powertrains and Energy Carriers for Public Bus Transport Systems

Stakeholder Collaboration Models for Public Transport Procurement of Electric Bus Systems

“…In line with earlier studies (Nurhadi, Borén, and Ny 2014;Ecotraffic 2015), the first workshop in Gothenburg pointed out that the chargers in an electric bus system have an important effect on the total cost of ownership, as well as on the size of the expensive battery in the bus. The workshop also agreed that the electric bus concept is currently new to many bus operators, and probably only the experienced would answer a tender including electric buses.…”

“…lectric-powered buses contribute to the sustainable development of public transport as they have very low emissions in the use phase and lower noise levels compared to buses powered by combustion engines (Johansson et al 2013;Ecotraffic 2015;Borén, Nurhadi, and Ny 2016). In general, electric vehicles (EVs) should be powered by electricity from new renewable and sustainably managed sources (Faria et al 2012;Hawkins et al 2012;Nurhadi, Borén, and Ny 2014). More precisely, Faria et al (2012) used a Well-to-Wheel approach in the life cycle assessment and concluded for example that "for the present EU mix, the emissions reduction impact is substantial, and will be reduced even more in the future due to the increasing use of renewable energies in the energy mix."…”

Electric Road Systems: Strategic Stepping Stone on the Way towards Sustainable Freight Transport?

“…A template, cross referencing the life-cycle stages with the SPs was then used to systematically map SP violations throughout the life-cycles. Violations against SPs in each life-cycle are displayed in table format, in line with previous studies, combining text and a color scheme, ranging from 'neutral' over 'slightly negative' to 'negative', to indicate the magnitude of the violations [1,4]. In addition, one table describes how the systems would need to look like in order to fit into a sustainable future, or in other words, to comply with the SPs.…”

“…In general, most environmental impacts occur in the use phase, both for diesel and ERS systems, even if wind-generated electricity is used. This dominance of the use phase is a common result of LCAs for transport systems and many other products [1,4,47]. However, if the electricity for ERS is produced in a sustainable way, the impact of the infrastructure itself becomes more prominent, which was also apparent in Figure 3.…”

“…Transportation is a necessity and facilitator for people to meet their needs in today's society. At the same time, side effects of the current, fossil-based transport system, such as emissions of carbon dioxide, particulate matters, nitrogen and sulfur oxides, undermine human health as well as eco-system quality [1]. In the EU, the transportation sector accounts for one third of the total energy use and one fifth of all greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions [2].…”