Advancing Disaster Relief: Development of a Self-Report Questionnaire for Firefighters

Abstract

During emergencies, firefighters may face challenges such as inappropriate victim responses, poor communication, and lack of needed information. Here we describe the multistep development of a questionnaire for firefighters to identify emergency-related human factors that may impair their professional performance and interfere with procedures during threatening events and evacuations. The resulting self-report questionnaire, titled the Behavior Security Culture–First Responder, comprises a battery of scales plus single questions designed for international use. We report the psychometric properties of the battery of scales and their application across 8 countries: Germany, UK, Spain, Sweden, Poland, Czech Republic, Turkey, and Italy. Exploratory factor analysis and multigroup confirmatory factor analysis were conducted with a total sample of 3,011 firefighters (97% male). Exploratory factor analysis revealed 6 unidimensional scales assessing various aspects of victim behavior, communication with others, and information availability and reliability. Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses, with the 8 countries inserted as groups, confirmed configural and metric invariance, but not scalar invariance. Internal consistency estimates of the 6 scales ranged from α = .77 to .80. Divergent validity was established for all scales in all national samples. The collected data and the questionnaire may be used for developing training programs and to aid in directing resources efficiently.

Predictors of postevent distress and growth among firefighters after work-related emergencies—A cross-national study.

“…Consequently, this allows comparisons of correlates (covariances and regression coefficients) across national groups within each scale but not comparisons of means across these national groups. Using a quality of life measure, the WHOQOL8-item index (Power, 2003;Schmidt, Mühlan, & Power, 2006), divergent validity was confirmed for all scales in all national samples because all scales either did not correlate or only had a small correlation (Kehl et al, 2014).…”

“…Consequently, it is justifiable to pool the data collected with these two methods (Davidov & Depner, 2011). (Kehl et al, 2014). Consequently, this allows comparisons of correlates (covariances and regression coefficients) across national groups within each scale but not comparisons of means across these national groups.…”

Validierung des Fragebogens „Sources of Occupational Stress in Firefighters & Paramedics (SOOS-11)“

“…Es finden zunehmend Bemühungen statt, um Hintergründe einer möglichen Belastung von MBF zu erfassen [18]. In diesem Rahmen wurde der Fragebogen Behavior, Security, and Culture-First Responder (BeSeCu-FR) entwickelt.…”

“…Er soll mögliche personenbezogene Faktoren erfassen, die Feuerwehrkräfte ggf. bei der Ausübung ihrer Tätigkeit behindern [18]. Derzeit existiert jedoch nach unserem Wissen kein Fragebogen im deutschsprachigen Raum, der die Beanspruchung von MFF erhebt.…”

Posttraumatic Reactions among Firefighters after Critical Incidents: Cross-National Data

“…The Behaviour, Security and Culture -First Responder (BeSeCu -FR) is a self-administered questionnaire developed to investigate emergency-related factors that may impact firefighters' operational performance and interfere with procedures during threatening events and evacuations (Kehl et al, 2012).…”