Advances on three‐dimensional electrodes for micro‐supercapacitors: A mini‐review

Abstract

Owing to the high power density, long cycle life and maintain‐free, micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) stand out as preferred miniaturized energy source for the miscellaneous autonomous electronic components. However, the shortage of energy density is the main stumbling block for their practical applications. To solve this energy issue, constructing a three‐dimensional (3D) electrode within the limited footprint area is proposed as a new solution for improving the energy storage capacity of MSCs. In the last few years, extensive efforts have been devoted to developing 3D electrodes for MSCs, and significant progress and breakthrough have been achieved. While, there is still lack of systematic summary on the 3D electrode design strategies. To this end, it is imperative to outline the basic design conception, summarize the current states, and discuss the future research about 3D electrodes in MSCs based on the latest development.

Flexible Na batteries

“…99 The batteries exhibited a large capacity of~450 mAh g −1 and high energy density of 173 Wh kg −1 , and showed excellent bendability over 1000 bending cycles as well as a stable operation time of 80 hours at bending states from 0 to 360 . 100,101 Although these materials exhibit many advantages from their synthesis methods, flexibility, and electrochemical performance, safety of organic-electrolyte devices remains a challenge. Thus, flexible energy storage devices have attracted great attention due to the essential need of flexible devices for power supplies.…”

“…In addition, the recent developed 3D ordered electrode materials will also provide the possible solution for achieving the higher areal energy and power density. 100,101 Although these materials exhibit many advantages from their synthesis methods, flexibility, and electrochemical performance, safety of organic-electrolyte devices remains a challenge. Compared to organic electrolytes, aqueous liquid electrolytes and solid electrolytes allow for safer operation in practical applications.…”

Miniaturized Energy Storage Devices Based on Two‐Dimensional Materials

“…One shortcoming of MSCs are their integrity, which is vulnerable to mechanical deformation . Yue et al.…”

“…One shortcoming of MSCs are their integrity,which is vulnerable to mechanical deformation. [122,129,130] Yuee tal. conceived and prepared self-healableM SCs by using MXene-rGO composite aerogels.…”

Homogeneous Fe2O3 coatings on carbon nanotube structures for supercapacitors

“…Miniaturized and powerful electrochemical energy storage systems have been intensively studied because of the increasing need for wireless devices and sensor networks for Internet of Things applications. [1][2][3] For any electrochemical energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors or rechargeable batteries, electrode materials are key factors for achieving high performances. Electrodes made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are commonly studied owing to their outstanding conductive ability, large interfacial surface area and structural and mechanical robustness.…”