Advances on the immunotoxicity of outdoor particulate matter: A focus on physical and chemical properties and respiratory defence mechanisms

Nozza, Emma; Valentini, S.; Melzi, Gloria; Vecchi, R.; Corsini, Emanuela

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146391

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…Luong et al [47] reported PM 10 and respiratory disease-related hospital admission in polluted Hanoi city of Vietnam. Past studies confirmed the role of PM in inducing oxidative stress in the human respiratory system [48]. PM 10 impact on respiratory diseases in Delhi may be aggravated due to the road dust fraction of PM 10 that has significant oxidative potential [49].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 91%

Air pollution in Delhi, India: It’s status and association with respiratory diseases

Dutta

Jinsart²

2022

PLoS ONE

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The policymakers need research studies indicating the role of different pollutants with morbidity for polluted cities to install a strategic air quality management system. This study critically assessed the air pollution of Delhi for 2016–18 to found out the role of air pollutants in respiratory morbidity under the ICD-10, J00-J99. The critical assessment of Delhi air pollution was done using various approaches. The mean PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations during the measurement period exceeded both national and international standards by a wide margin. Time series charts indicated the interdependence of PM2.5 and PM10 and connection with hospital visits due to respiratory diseases. Violin plots showed that daily respiratory disease hospital visits increased during the winter and autumn seasons. The winter season was the worst from the city’s air pollution point of view, as revealed by frequency analyses. The single and multi-pollutant GAM models indicated that short-term exposure to PM10 and SO2 led to increased hospital visits due to respiratory diseases. Per 10 units increase in concentrations of PM10 brought the highest increase in hospital visits of 0.21% (RR: 1.00, 95% CI: 1.001, 1.002) at lag0-6 days. This study found the robust effect of SO2 persisted in Delhi from lag0 to lag4 days and lag01 to lag06 days for single and cumulative lag day effects, respectively. While every 10 μg m-3 increase of SO2 concentrations on the same day (lag0) led to 32.59% (RR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.61) rise of hospital visits, the cumulative concentration of lag0-1 led to 37.21% (RR: 1.37, 95% CI:1.11, 1.70) rise in hospital visits which further increased to even 83.33% (RR: 1.83, 95% CI:1.35, 2.49) rise at a lag0-6 cumulative concentration in Delhi. The role of SO2 in inducing respiratory diseases is worrying as India is now the largest anthropogenic SO2 emitter in the world.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 91%

Air pollution in Delhi, India: It’s status and association with respiratory diseases

Dutta

Jinsart²

2022

PLoS ONE

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“…Major constituents of PM are mineral dust, organic and elemental/black carbon, as well as inorganic ions such as NO 3 − , SO 4 2− and NH 4 + . Other minor constituents, such as heavy metals, can be found in PM at low concentrations [ 182 ]. In recent decades, PM pollution has become increasingly serious and prominent, causing a variety of threats to human health and being one of the most serious hazards to human health.…”

Section: The Effects and Mechanisms Of Pm On Neurologic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exogenous substances destroy the normal immune defense, including the damage of macrophages [ 200 ], the increase of cell permeability, the change of T cell populations [ 201 ] and the injury of natural killer (NK) cell reaction [ 182 ]. Exposure to PM is known to decrease the viability of macrophages [ 202 ].…”

Section: The Effects and Mechanisms Of Pm On Neurologic Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comprehensive understanding of ambient particulate matter and its components on the adverse health effects based from epidemiological and laboratory evidence

Sun

et al. 2022

Part Fibre Toxicol

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The impacts of air pollution on public health have become a great concern worldwide. Ambient particulate matter (PM) is a major air pollution that comprises a heterogeneous mixture of different particle sizes and chemical components. The chemical composition and physicochemical properties of PM change with space and time, which may cause different impairments. However, the mechanisms of the adverse effects of PM on various systems have not been fully elucidated and systematically integrated. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework was used to comprehensively illustrate the molecular mechanism of adverse effects of PM and its components, so as to clarify the causal mechanistic relationships of PM-triggered toxicity on various systems. The main conclusions and new insights of the correlation between public health and PM were discussed, especially at low concentrations, which points out the direction for further research in the future. With the deepening of the study on its toxicity mechanism, it was found that PM can still induce adverse health effects with low-dose exposure. And the recommended Air Quality Guideline level of PM2.5 was adjusted to 5 μg/m3 by World Health Organization, which meant that deeper and more complex mechanisms needed to be explored. Traditionally, oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis were considered the main mechanisms of harmful effects of PM. However, recent studies have identified several emerging mechanisms involved in the toxicity of PM, including pyroptosis, ferroptosis and epigenetic modifications. This review summarized the comprehensive evidence on the health effects of PM and the chemical components of it, as well as the combined toxicity of PM with other air pollutants. Based on the AOP Wiki and the mechanisms of PM-induced toxicity at different levels, we first constructed the PM-related AOP frameworks on various systems. Graphical Abstract

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“…The main cytotoxicity mechanism involved in developing damaging health effects and promoting chronic diseases is the ability of PM to induce oxidative stress, due to the interaction between cells and particles and the production of excess reactive species, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive carbon species (RCS), which can upset the balance of intracellular oxidants and antioxidants [11][12][13]. PM can trigger oxidative responses by different pathways, such as the introduction of particlebound ROS into the respiratory system, or the introduction of redox-active species inducing the catalytic generation of reactive species and, thus, the depletion of antioxidants [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Method for the Assessment of the Oxidative Potential of Both Water-Soluble and Insoluble PM

et al. 2022

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Water-soluble and insoluble fractions of airborne particulate matter (PM) exhibit different toxicological potentials and peculiar mechanisms of action in biological systems. However, most of the research on the oxidative potential (OP) of PM is focused exclusively on its water-soluble fraction, since experimental criticisms were encountered for detaching the whole PM (soluble and insoluble species) from field filters. However, to estimate the actual potential effects of PM on human health, it is essential to assess the OP of both its water-soluble and insoluble fractions. In this study, to estimate the total OP (TOP), an efficient method for the detachment of intact PM10 from field filters by using an electrical toothbrush was applied to 20 PM10 filters in order to obtain PM10 water suspensions to be used for the DCFH, AA and DTT oxidative potential assays (OPDCFH, OPAA and OPDTT). The contribution of the insoluble PM10 to the TOP was evaluated by comparing the TOP values to those obtained by applying the three OP assays to the water-soluble fraction of 20 equivalent PM10 filters. The OP of the insoluble fraction (IOP) was calculated as the difference between the TOP and the WSOP. Moreover, each PM10 sample was analyzed for the water-soluble and insoluble fractions of 10 elements (Al, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Li, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sn) identified as primary elemental tracers of the main emission sources in the study area. A principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the data obtained to identify the predominant sources for the determination of TOP, WSOP, and IOP. Results showed that water-soluble PM10 released by traffic, steel plant, and biomass burning is mainly responsible for the generation of the TOP as well as of the WSOP. This evidence gave strength to the reliability of the results from OP assays performed only on the water-soluble fraction of PM. Lastly, the IOPDCFH and IOPDTT were found to be principally determined by insoluble PM10 from mineral dust.

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Advances on the immunotoxicity of outdoor particulate matter: A focus on physical and chemical properties and respiratory defence mechanisms

Cited by 18 publications

References 111 publications

Air pollution in Delhi, India: It’s status and association with respiratory diseases

Air pollution in Delhi, India: It’s status and association with respiratory diseases

A comprehensive understanding of ambient particulate matter and its components on the adverse health effects based from epidemiological and laboratory evidence

A New Method for the Assessment of the Oxidative Potential of Both Water-Soluble and Insoluble PM

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