Advances on genetic and genomic studies of ALV resistance

Abstract

Avian leukosis (AL) is a general term for a variety of neoplastic diseases in avian caused by avian leukosis virus (ALV). No vaccine or drug is currently available for the disease. Therefore, the disease can result in severe economic losses in poultry flocks. Increasing the resistance of poultry to ALV may be one effective strategy. In this review, we provide an overview of the roles of genes associated with ALV infection in the poultry genome, including endogenous retroviruses, virus receptors, interferon-stimulated genes, and other immune-related genes. Furthermore, some methods and techniques that can improve ALV resistance in poultry are discussed. The objectives are willing to provide some valuable references for disease resistance breeding in poultry.

A Multiplex Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Rapid Differential Detection of Subgroups A, B, J, and K Avian Leukosis Viruses

“…ALV is an avian oncogenic retrovirus that can cause growth retardation, reduced egg production, and immunosuppression [ 12 ]. Subclinical pathological and various neoplastic diseases have caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry [ 10 ]. Like all retrovirus diseases, AL is difficult to prevent and control with vaccines and drugs.…”

“…These methods can efficiently differentiate between two or three subtypes of ALV but cannot simultaneously distinguish ALV-A/B/J/K subtypes. In addition, ALV can generate genetic variability and evolve rapidly through RNA error-prone polymerase and frequent recombination events that lead to the emergence of many new mutant and recombinant strains [ 10 , 11 ]. Hence, it is necessary to improve the existing molecular detection techniques.…”

Comparison of Multiple Strategies for Precision Transgene Knock-In in Gallus gallus Genome via Microhomology-Mediated End Joining

“…Previous research about the distribution of endogenous retroviruses in the mammals and avian genome revealed that most of these fragments are enriched outside transcription units in reverse orientation relative to the host [43][44][45]. Considering the research of endogenous retrovirus biology, integration outside transcription units may be primarily benign and was preserved during evolution [11,46].…”

Metabolomics analysis of CEF cells infected with avian leukosis virus subgroup J based on UHPLC-QE-MS

“…Avian leukosis virus ( ALV ) is a retrovirus that can induce various malignant tumors such as myeloma, hemangioma, and connective tissue tumor, causing severe immune damage to the host ( Rubin, 2011 ; Guo et al, 2014 ; Lipsick, 2021 ). ALV is divided into 11 subgroups based on the specificity of the glycoprotein gp85 on the viral envelope ( Mo et al, 2022 ), the cross reaction patterns between virus and host factors ( Cui et al, 2014 ). Seven subgroups including A, B, C, D, E, J, and K originate from chickens, with A, B, C, D, J, and K being exogenous viruses ( Wang et al, 2012 ) and E being endogenous viruses ( Su et al, 2018 ).…”