Advances on Cellular Clonotypic Immunity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Schirò, Giuseppe; Stefano, Vincenzo Di; Iacono, Salvatore; Lupica, Antonino; Brighina, Filippo; Monastero, Roberto; Balistreri, Carmela Rita

doi:10.3390/brainsci12101412

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…The presence of frequent neurophysiological features CIDP-like and the absence of other autoimmune comorbidities support the role of inflammation to justify these aspects, considering the growing evidence on immunity in ALS [45]. In these cases, the involvement of fast fibers cannot be excluded, but the exact cause remains unclear.…”

Section: Neurophysiological Findings In Alsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sensory neuropathy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review

Bombaci,

Lupica,

Pozzi

et al. 2023

J Neurol

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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of both upper and lower motoneurons, leading to motor and non-motor symptoms. Recent evidence suggests that ALS is indeed a multisystem disorder, associated with cognitive impairment, dysautonomia, pain and fatigue, excess of secretions, and sensory symptoms. To evaluate whether sensory neuropathy could broaden its spectrum, we systematically reviewed its presence and characteristics in ALS, extracting data on epidemiological, clinical, neurophysiological, neuropathological, and genetic features. Sensory neuropathy can be found in up to 20% of ALS patients, affecting both large and small fibers, although there is a great heterogeneity related to different techniques used for its detection (electromyography vs skin biopsy vs nerve biopsy). Moreover, the association between CIDP-like neuropathy and ALS needs to be better explored, although it could be interpreted as part of the neuroinflammatory process in the latter disease. Sensory neuropathy in ALS may be associated with a spinal onset and might be more frequent in SOD1 patients. Moreover, it seems mutually exclusive with cognitive impairment. No associations with sex and other genetic mutation were observed. All these data in the literature reveal the importance of actively looking for sensory neuropathy in ALS patients, and suggest including sensory neuropathy among ALS non-motor features, as it may explain sensory symptoms frequently reported throughout the course of the disease. Its early identification could help avoid diagnostic delays and improve patients’ treatment and quality of life.

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Section: Neurophysiological Findings In Alsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sensory neuropathy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review

Bombaci,

Lupica,

Pozzi

et al. 2023

J Neurol

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“…The role of clonotypic cells in neuroinflammation has only been theorized in previous research. However, recent evidence has largely established the key role of both T and B cell subsets and demonstrated their infiltration into the CNS by determining different effects depending on different subsets [37,38]. Therefore, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th2 cells have a neuroprotective effect.…”

Section: Clonotypic Immune Cells In Neuroinflammation and Ndmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases: How Much Do We Still Not Know?

Balistreri,

Monastero

2023

Brain Sciences

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The term “neuroinflammation” defines the typical inflammatory response of the brain closely related to the onset of many neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Neuroinflammation is well known, but its mechanisms and pathways are not entirely comprehended. Some progresses have been achieved through many efforts and research. Consequently, new cellular and molecular mechanisms, diverse and conventional, are emerging. In listing some of those that will be the subject of our description and discussion, essential are the important roles of peripheral and infiltrated monocytes and clonotypic cells, alterations in the gut–brain axis, dysregulation of the apelinergic system, alterations in the endothelial glycocalyx of the endothelial component of neuronal vascular units, variations in expression of some genes and levels of the encoding molecules by the action of microRNAs (miRNAs), or other epigenetic factors and distinctive transcriptional factors, as well as the role of autophagy, ferroptosis, sex differences, and modifications in the circadian cycle. Such mechanisms can add significantly to understanding the complex etiological puzzle of neuroinflammation and ND. In addition, they could represent biomarkers and targets of ND, which is increasing in the elderly.

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Advances on Cellular Clonotypic Immunity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Cited by 2 publications

References 59 publications

Sensory neuropathy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review

Sensory neuropathy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review

Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases: How Much Do We Still Not Know?

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