Advances of the skin microbiopsy for blood and skin sampling with streamlined handling and fabrication settings

Abstract

List of Figures List of Tables 1. Literature review, hypotheses and aims 1.1. Literature review 1.2. Hypotheses 1.3. Aims 2. Development of the absorbent microbiopsy for minimally invasive blood and skin sampling 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Materials and methods 2.3. Results 2.4. Conclusion 3. Fabrication scale-up with 3D printing technologies 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Materials and methods 3.3. Results 3.4. Conclusion 4. Plunger redesigning for improving inhouse fabrication capability 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Materials and methods 4.3. Results 4.4. Conclusion 5. Exploring approaches for improving the sample processing experience 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Materials and methods 5.3. Results 5.4. Conclusion 6. Conclusions, general discussion and future plans 6.1. Comparisons of current sampling approaches 6.2. Development of the absorbent microbiopsy for minimally invasive blood and skin sampling 6.3. Fabrication scale-up with 3D printing technologies 6.4. Plunger redesigning for improving inhouse fabrication capability 6.5. Exploring approaches for improving the user experience 6.6. General discussion and future directions 7. References 8. Appendices Appendix 1-Comparison of RNA recoveries between Whatman paper and the entire absorbent microbiopsy Appendix 2-Absorption capacity testing of Whatman paper Appendix 3-ELISA detection limit experiment Appendix 4-Modified skin microbiopsy permitted easier microscopic observation of sample after application Appendix 5-Plunger with removable handlebar improved handling experience Appendix 6-Combining skin and absorbent microbiopsies into one device permitted blood sampling, but the skin channel function required further optimization Appendix 7-Schematic illustration of the absorbent microbiopsy design for the pen applicator (chapter 2) Appendix 8-Schematic illustration of the absorbent microbiopsy array (chapter 3) Appendix 9-AutoCAD drawings of the pen applicator parts (chapter 3) Appendix 10-AutoCAD drawings of folding jig parts design 5 (chapter 3) Appendix 11-AutoCAD drawings of 3D-printed plunger design 2 (chapter 4) Appendix 12-Schematic illustration of the absorbent microbiopsy for acrylic sheet plunger design 8 (chapter 4) Appendix 13-Schematic illustration of acrylic sheet plunger design 8 Appendix 14-Accepted manuscript: Publication on Biomedical Microdevices Appendix 15-Accepted manuscript: Publication on Journal of Visual Experiment UV Ultraviolet VAMS Volumetric absorptive microsampling 2D Two-dimensional 3D Three-dimensional %CV Coefficients of variation Chapter 1: Literature review and hypotheses 1.1. Literature review The following literature review is modified from a published manuscript. A copy of the published version can be found in chapter 8.