Advances of terahertz technology in neuroscience: Current status and a future perspective

Zhang, Jun; Li, Song

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103548

Cited by 44 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…To tune the resonant frequency without any structural modification, the surface conductivity of graphene can be varied by changing µ c in the wide range of 0 eV -1.3 eV via appropriate external gate voltage V g . Similar level of voltages were reported in previous studies [27,8,26,11,3]. The relationship of V g with µ c is given by [28],…”

Section: Plasmon Tuning and Performance Analysissupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Due to its distinctive properties, EM waves in the terahertz (THz) frequency regime have inspired tremendous academic and technological interest because of their various applications including wireless communication, chemical detection, and biomedical imaging [1,2,3]. Over the last decade, many techniques, including those based on active metamaterials and two-dimensional materials have been studied to control electromagnetic wave propagation from radio to THz frequency [4,5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tunable Multistate Terahertz Switch Based on Multilayered Graphene Metamaterial

Sarker¹,

Pratim²,

Tahmid³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We proposed plasmonic effect based narrow band tunable terahertz switches consisting of multilayered graphene metamaterial. Though several terahertz optical switches based on metamaterials were previously reported, these switches had complicated fabrication processes, limited tunability, and low modulation depths. We designed and simulated ingenious four and eight state terahertz optical switch designs that can be functional for multimode communication or imaging using the finite-difference time-domain simulation technique. The plasmonic bright modes and transparency regions of these structures were adjusted by varying the chemical potential of patterned graphene layers via applying voltage in different layers. The structures exhibited high modulation depth and modulation degree of frequency, low insertion loss, high spectral contrast ratio, narrow bandwidth, and high polarization sensitivity. Moreover, our proposed simple fabrication process will make these structures more feasible compared to previously reported terahertz switches. The calculated modulation depths were 98.81% and 98.71%, and maximum modulation degree of frequencies were ∼61% and ∼29.1% for four and eight state terahertz switches, respectively. The maximum transmittance in transparency regions between bright modes and the spectral contrast ratio were enumerated to be 95.9% and ∼96%, respectively. The maximum insertion losses were quite low with values of 0.22 dB and 0.33 dB for four and eight state terahertz switches, respectively. Our findings will be beneficial in the development of ultra-thin

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Section: Plasmon Tuning and Performance Analysissupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Multistate Terahertz Switch Based on Multilayered Graphene Metamaterial

Sarker¹,

Pratim²,

Tahmid³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The mechanisms and biological effects of THz waves on molecular level nervous system, organisms and cells are investigated in Zhang et al ( 2021b ). The future perspectives and application of THz in neuroscience highlighted and the nerve cell membranes, cytokines and gene expressions to be affected by THz radiation are presented (Zhang et al 2021b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in terahertz technology for cancer detection applications

Gezimati

Singh

2022

Opt Quant Electron

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Currently, there is an increasing demand for the diagnostic techniques that provide functional and morphological information with early cancer detection capability. Novel modern medical imaging systems driven by the recent advancements in technology such as terahertz (THz) and infrared radiation-based imaging technologies which are complementary to conventional modalities are being developed, investigated, and validated. The THz cancer imaging techniques offer novel opportunities for label free, non-ionizing, non-invasive and early cancer detection. The observed image contrast in THz cancer imaging studies has been mostly attributed to higher refractive index, absorption coefficient and dielectric properties in cancer tissue than that in the normal tissue due the local increase of the water molecule content in tissue and increased blood supply to the cancer affected tissue. Additional image contrast parameters and cancer biomarkers that have been reported to contribute to THz image contrast include cell structural changes, molecular density, interactions between agents (e.g., contrast agents and embedding agents) and biological tissue as well as tissue substances like proteins, fiber and fat etc. In this paper, we have presented a systematic and comprehensive review of the advancements in the technological development of THz technology for cancer imaging applications. Initially, the fundamentals principles and techniques for THz radiation generation and detection, imaging and spectroscopy are introduced. Further, the application of THz imaging for detection of various cancers tissues are presented, with more focus on the in vivo imaging of skin cancer. The data processing techniques for THz data are briefly discussed. Also, we identify the advantages and existing challenges in THz based cancer detection and report the performance improvement techniques. The recent advancements towards THz systems which are optimized and miniaturized are also reported. Finally, the integration of THz systems with artificial intelligent (AI), internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, big data analytics, robotics etc. for more sophisticated systems is proposed. This will facilitate the large-scale clinical applications of THz for smart and connected next generation healthcare systems and provide a roadmap for future research.

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“…On the other hand, terahertz wave modulation (THM) is treated as a promising nondamaging electromagnetic radiation intervention approach [23,24]. Investigation on the nonthermal biological effects of THz irradiation has attracted extensive attention of both opticists and biologists [25]. Furthermore, the THz waves with low photon energy hardly cause ionizing effects and thus would not damage the genome integrity as other radiation intervention approaches might [26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Cancer Cell Migration and Glycolysis by Terahertz Wave Modulation via Altered Chromatin Accessibility

Sun

Li²,

Yu³

et al. 2022

Research

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Metastasis and metabolic disorders contribute to most cancer deaths and are potential drug targets in cancer treatment. However, corresponding drugs inevitably induce myeloid suppression and gastrointestinal toxicity. Here, we report a nonpharmaceutical and noninvasive electromagnetic intervention technique that exhibited long-term inhibition of cancer cells. Firstly, we revealed that optical radiation at the specific wavelength of 3.6 μm (i.e., 83 THz) significantly increased binding affinity between DNA and histone via molecular dynamics simulations, providing a theoretical possibility for THz modulation- (THM-) based cancer cell intervention. Subsequent cell functional assays demonstrated that low-power 3.6 μm THz wave could successfully inhibit cancer cell migration by 50% and reduce glycolysis by 60%. Then, mRNA sequencing and assays for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq) indicated that low-power THM at 3.6 μm suppressed the genes associated with glycolysis and migration by reducing the chromatin accessibility of certain gene loci. Furthermore, THM at 3.6 μm on HCT-116 cancer cells reduced the liver metastasis by 60% in a metastatic xenograft mouse model by splenic injection, successfully validated the inhibition of cancer cell migration by THM in vivo. Together, this work provides a new paradigm for electromagnetic irradiation-induced epigenetic changes and represents a theoretical basis for possible innovative therapeutic applications of THM as the future of cancer treatments.

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Advances of terahertz technology in neuroscience: Current status and a future perspective

Cited by 44 publications

References 53 publications

Tunable Multistate Terahertz Switch Based on Multilayered Graphene Metamaterial

Tunable Multistate Terahertz Switch Based on Multilayered Graphene Metamaterial

Advances in terahertz technology for cancer detection applications

Inhibition of Cancer Cell Migration and Glycolysis by Terahertz Wave Modulation via Altered Chromatin Accessibility

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