Advances of Structural Design and Biomedical Applications of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Coat Protein

Abstract

Recognized as the primary RNA virus to be categorized and extensively studied, the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is foundational to advancements in virology, molecular biology, and biomaterials. Over the past few decades, the deep comprehension of the TMV coat protein (TMVcp) molecular structure and assembly principles has stimulated a surge in research on TMVcp structural design using genetic engineering and chemical modification techniques. The unique characteristics of TMVcp, including its nanoscale orderly structure, ease of modification, and considerable drug loading capacity, have enabled significant progress in its biomedical applications. This review summarizes the advanced strategies deployed for TMVcp design and multidimensional assembly and underscores the prototypical applications of TMVcp‐based biomaterials in bioimaging, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosensing. Ultimately, the future prospects of TMVcp research in structural design and biomedical applications are explored, which encompass artificial intelligence‐guided structural and functional design, the development of stimulus‐responsive biomaterials, and potential clinical translation.

Getting Hold of the Tobamovirus Particle – Why and How? Purification Routes over Time and a New Customizable Approach

“…Technology-oriented research and developments include uses of viral nanoparticles (VNPs) and virus-like particles (VLPs) as biotemplates for inorganic and organic compounds, and uses as carriers for biomolecules [11]. Thirty years of creative developments have given rise to an enormous variety of novel colloidal (particulate), layered and volume materials, either active by themselves as hybrid structures, or after an integration into technical devices [110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121]. The following showcases only a small selection out of the many exciting overviews and cuttingedge studies.…”

“…Biomedical uses of tobamovirus derivatives are evaluated for both human and veterinary treatments as well as in phytopathology, with auspicious trials on the animal and laboratory testing level [111,122,123]. They span from vaccines, adjuvants and test antigens [124][125][126][127][128][129] to the intravital delivery of tobamovirus diagnostic imaging agents and therapeutics, with cutting-edge multitasking and theranostic approaches [130,131].…”

Getting Hold of the Tobamovirus Particle—Why and How? Purification Routes over Time and a New Customizable Approach

“…Technology-oriented research and developments include the use of viral nanoparticles (VNPs) and virus-like particles (VLPs) as biotemplates for inorganic and organic compounds and as carriers for biomolecules [ 11 ]. Thirty years of creative developments have given rise to an enormous variety of novel colloidal (particulate), layered, and volume materials, either active by themselves as hybrid structures or after integration into technical devices [ 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 ]. The following showcases only a small selection of the many exciting overviews and cutting-edge studies.…”

“…Biomedical uses of tobamovirus derivatives were evaluated for both human and veterinary treatments, as well as in phytopathology, with auspicious trials at the animal and laboratory testing levels [ 115 , 126 , 127 ]. They spanned the range from vaccines, adjuvants, and test antigens [ 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 ] to the intravital delivery of tobamoviral diagnostic imaging agents and therapeutics, with cutting-edge multitasking and theranostic approaches [ 134 , 135 ].…”