Advances of Metabolomics in Fungal Pathogen–Plant Interactions

Chen, Fangfang; Ma, Ruijing; Chen, Xiaolin

doi:10.3390/metabo9080169

Cited by 80 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 109 publications

(121 reference statements)

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“…However, the underlying processes behind chloroplast degradation during infection are complex and require further extensive investigation. In the case of infected B. oleracea mesophyll cells, changes of organelle ultrastructure could be a result of the action of toxins and secondary metabolites secreted by A. brassicicola [ 16 ] and general reprogramming of the host transcriptome and metabolome in response to the infection [ 59 , 60 ]. Alternaria species secrete various non-host-(nHSTs) and host-selective toxins (HSTs) which are responsible for the degradation of different organelles within an infected cell in over 200 plant species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity of Brassica oleracea–Alternaria brassicicola Susceptible Interaction Reveals Downregulation of Photosynthesis at Ultrastructural, Transcriptional, and Physiological Levels

Macioszek

Gapińska

Żmieńko

et al. 2020

Cells

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Black spot disease, caused by Alternaria brassicicola in Brassica species, is one of the most devastating diseases all over the world, especially since there is no known fully resistant Brassica cultivar. In this study, the visualization of black spot disease development on Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba (white cabbage) leaves and subsequent ultrastructural, molecular and physiological investigations were conducted. Inter- and intracellular hyphae growth within leaf tissues led to the loss of host cell integrity and various levels of organelle disintegration. Severe symptoms of chloroplast damage included the degeneration of chloroplast envelope and grana, and the loss of electron denseness by stroma at the advanced stage of infection. Transcriptional profiling of infected leaves revealed that photosynthesis was the most negatively regulated biological process. However, in infected leaves, chlorophyll and carotenoid content did not decrease until 48 hpi, and several chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, such as photosystem II quantum yield (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), or plant vitality parameter (Rdf) decreased significantly at 24 and 48 hpi compared to control leaves. Our results indicate that the initial stages of interaction between B. oleracea and A. brassicicola are not uniform within an inoculation site and show a complexity of host responses and fungal attempts to overcome host cell defense mechanisms. The downregulation of photosynthesis at the early stage of this susceptible interaction suggests that it may be a part of a host defense strategy, or, alternatively, that chloroplasts are targets for the unknown virulence factor(s) of A. brassicicola. However, the observed decrease of photosynthetic efficiency at the later stages of infection is a result of the fungus-induced necrotic lesion expansion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity of Brassica oleracea–Alternaria brassicicola Susceptible Interaction Reveals Downregulation of Photosynthesis at Ultrastructural, Transcriptional, and Physiological Levels

Macioszek

Gapińska

Żmieńko

et al. 2020

Cells

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“…Today, numerous questions about the mechanism of pathogen infection still need to be addressed. Metabolomics is an important platform for studying stress in plant-fungal pathogen interactions [25,33]. We can qualify and quantify the metabolites of plants with biotic stress using modern analytical techniques.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Transcriptomic and Un-Targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Mulberry Fruit (Morus atropurpurea) in Response to Sclerotiniose Pathogen Ciboria shiraiana Infection

Bao

Gao

Zheng

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Mulberry sclerotiniose caused by Ciboria shiraiana is a devastating disease of mulberry (Morus alba L.) fruit in Northwest China. At present, no disease-resistant varieties are used in production, as the molecular mechanisms of this disease are not well understood. In this study, to explore new prevention methods and provide direction for molecular breeding, transcriptomic sequencing and un-targeted metabolomics were performed on healthy (CK), early-stage diseased (HB1), and middle-stage diseased (HB2) mulberry fruits. Functional annotation, gene ontology, a Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis, and a Mapman analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed differential regulation of genes related to plant hormone signal transduction, transcription factors, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. A correspondence between the transcript pattern and metabolite profile was observed in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. It should be noted that the log2 ratio of eugenol (isoeugenol) in HB1 and HB2 are 85 times and 23 times higher than CK, respectively. Our study shows that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis may play an essential role in response to sclerotiniose pathogen infection and eugenol(isoeugenol) enrichment in mulberry fruit, which may provide a novel method for mulberry sclerotiniose control.

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“…The products of these gene-centered mechanisms can be also regulated by metabolites [65]. Thus, the integration of metabolomics data with other omics data [64] adds additional layers of information to studies of plant-pathogen interactions, including identification of metabolites that have antimicrobial actions [66], metabolomic profile differences between infected and non-infected plants [67][68][69], and pathogenic requirements for infection and colonization [68,70].…”

Section: Plant Pathogens Tools For Attackmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics as an Emerging Tool for the Study of Plant–Pathogen Interactions

et al. 2020

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Plants defend themselves from most microbial attacks via mechanisms including cell wall fortification, production of antimicrobial compounds, and generation of reactive oxygen species. Successful pathogens overcome these host defenses, as well as obtain nutrients from the host. Perturbations of plant metabolism play a central role in determining the outcome of attempted infections. Metabolomic analyses, for example between healthy, newly infected and diseased or resistant plants, have the potential to reveal perturbations to signaling or output pathways with key roles in determining the outcome of a plant–microbe interaction. However, application of this -omic and its tools in plant pathology studies is lagging relative to genomic and transcriptomic methods. Thus, it is imperative to bring the power of metabolomics to bear on the study of plant resistance/susceptibility. This review discusses metabolomics studies that link changes in primary or specialized metabolism to the defense responses of plants against bacterial, fungal, nematode, and viral pathogens. Also examined are cases where metabolomics unveils virulence mechanisms used by pathogens. Finally, how integrating metabolomics with other -omics can advance plant pathology research is discussed.

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Advances of Metabolomics in Fungal Pathogen–Plant Interactions

Cited by 80 publications

References 109 publications

Complexity of Brassica oleracea–Alternaria brassicicola Susceptible Interaction Reveals Downregulation of Photosynthesis at Ultrastructural, Transcriptional, and Physiological Levels

Complexity of Brassica oleracea–Alternaria brassicicola Susceptible Interaction Reveals Downregulation of Photosynthesis at Ultrastructural, Transcriptional, and Physiological Levels

Integrated Transcriptomic and Un-Targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Mulberry Fruit (Morus atropurpurea) in Response to Sclerotiniose Pathogen Ciboria shiraiana Infection

Metabolomics as an Emerging Tool for the Study of Plant–Pathogen Interactions

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