Advances of Metabolite Profiling of Plants in Challenging Environments

Abstract

Plant metabolism is profoundly involved in physiological regulation and defence responses when the environment is adverse and plant growth and development is negatively affected. Metabolomics techniques allow the characterisation of physiological and biochemical responses to different types of environmental stresses in plants, including drought, salinity, and nutrient deficiencies. Metabolomics analyses of plant systems have been mostly carried out on bulked tissues (i.e. whole roots, leaves, or shoots) which can provide important biological information about plant tolerance and avoidance mechanisms to abiotic stresses. However, individual plant organs and tissues are composed of different kinds of cells which can produce specific metabolic responses to abiotic stress. Thus, recent development and improvement of metabolomics techniques have allowed the analysis of plant metabolic changes in a spatially resolved manner (i.e.in vivometabolomics, cell‐specific metabolomics, and mass spectrometry imaging (MSI)‐based metabolomics). This article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent findings on plant metabolite changes in response to abiotic stress, recent advancements in metabolomics techniques to study plant metabolism, and prospects of MSI‐based plant metabolomics for the study of plant metabolism.

MicroLESA: Integrating Autofluorescence Microscopy, In Situ Micro-Digestions, and Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis for High Spatial Resolution Targeted Proteomic Studies

“…44 The ability to resolve small histological foci using MALDI has created the need to advance these complementary molecular identification technologies to achieve similar spatial fidelity. 8,[47][48][49] The deposition of small volume droplets (<500 pL) of liquid (matrix or trypsin) is used routinely to profile discrete regions of tissue by MALDI MS. 9,50 This type of droplet-based deposition has been demonstrated to enable MS analysis of these tissue areas. For trypsin droplet deposition experiments, MALDI is typically used for analysis but LESA has also been demonstrated to be effective for extracting peptides from areas digested using LESAbased approaches.…”

Osmoprotectants and Nonenzymatic Antioxidants in Halophytes

“…The coordinated activation of primary and secondary metabolic pathways for antioxidants or N-and S-containing compounds under salt stress enable plants to (i) balance intracellular ROS level and redox status, (ii) activate the osmotic response network, and (iii) modulate the ROS-and/or osmotic-dependent signaling pathways (Bose et al 2014;Hossain and Dietz 2016;Sengupta et al 2016;Noctor et al 2018;Sarabia et al 2018;Surówka et al 2019;Wang et al 2019).…”

The Effect of Cold Stress on the Root-Specific Lipidome of Two Wheat Varieties with Contrasting Cold Tolerance

“…It is therefore interesting to further study the lipid profiles of the roots of the two wheat varieties, especially on the different development root zones. Sarabia et al [ 44 , 45 ] and Ho et al [ 46 ] have recently reported comprehensive comparative spatial lipidomics analyses on different developmental root zones of barley subjected to salt stress and revealed cellular lipid remodeling in different developmental zones of barley roots in response to salinity. These results demonstrate the differential impact of salinity on different developmental root zones in each studied cultivar, as well as between different barley cultivars with differing levels of salinity tolerance.…”