Advances of Heat Shock Family in Ulcerative Colitis

Abstract

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a non-specific and chronic inflammatory disease of colonic mucosa whose exact etiology and mechanisms remain unclear. The incidence rate of UC is increasing year by year worldwide. What followed is that the medical costs are also rising rapidly. Therefore, it is urgent to understand the pathogenesis and find promising therapeutic targets for UC. Intestinal mucosal homeostasis is essential for normal bowel function, and its imbalance may be an important pathogenesis of UC. Endogenous homeostatic regulators play roles in repairing intestinal mucosa injury after stress. Heat shock family proteins are essential endogenous homeostasis factors. They can inhibit inflammation, regulate intestinal epithelial cells’ survival and death, and promote mucosal healing. Thus, they play important roles in sustaining intestinal mucosal homeostasis and protecting against UC progression. However, the heat shock family may promote UC carcinogenesis. Here, we summarize the advances in the research of the functions of the heat shock family in UC. And this review is an attempt to light on the etiopathogenesis of UC, highlighting the endogenous protective mechanisms, hoping to provide a novel therapeutic target for UC treatment.

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: An Updated Overview on the Heat Shock Protein Involvement

“…The role of HSPs in the inflammation of IBD is a topic of great interest for investigation. The factors HSF1 and HSF2 and the heat shock proteins HSP90, HSP70, HSP60 and HSP27 have been considered in various works in the literature; therefore, for the involvement of these heat shock proteins, we suggest the work still present in the literature [19,23,69] while we deepen, below, the involvement of other molecules. Honzawa and collaborators demonstrated an upregulation of HSP47, the chaperone of collagen, in intestinal active/inflamed tissues of patients with CD which correlated with a higher level of IL-17A and IL-22.…”

“…Six heat shock factors (HSF1,2,3,4, HSFX and HSFY) exist, but HSF3 is only expressed in chickens and mice. HSF1 is the most studied heat shock factor able to regulate several physiological and pathological processes within the cell, including inflammation, apoptosis and immune processes, and can play a role alone or in combination with HSF2 [19]. However, some of the HSPs have been found also constitutively expressed, or expressed at a low level, by the cell in non-stress conditions and may be upregulated when cells need protection.…”

Constituents of stable commensal microbiota imply diverse colonic epithelial cell reactivity in patients with ulcerative colitis

“…Therefore, to finally evaluate if these bacteria can trigger different responses in UC patients than in controls, we performed co-cultivation experiments using intestinal organoid monolayers derived from tissue-resident adult stem cells. Precisely, we evaluated the changes in gene expression of established markers for pathogen recognition (TLR4) [20], tight junction regulation (ZO1) [31] and stress stimuli indication (HSPA1A and HSPB1) [32]. Our investigation into the interaction between the gut microbiota and colonic epithelial cells revealed intriguing insights into host responses.…”

Traditional Chinese medicine treats ulcerative colitis by regulating gut microbiota, signaling pathway and cytokine: Future novel method option for pharmacotherapy

“…UC is usually accompanied eosinophilic esophagitis, gastroduodenitis, inflammation of upper gastrointestinal tract and other diseases, and in severe cases, complications such as colon cancer [ 3 ]. The global incidence rate of UC shows an increasing trend year by year, the incidence of UC in China is about 0.0116%, and the incidence in Europe and America is significantly higher than that in Asia [ 4 ]. At present, UC is mainly treated by surgical intervention, microbial agents and biological fecal microbiota transplantation [ 5 ].…”