Article informationBackground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients need efficient vascular access once they progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and require hemodialysis (HD). The most common forms of vascular access used in clinical practice are arterio-venous fistula (AVF), arterio-venous graft (AVG), and central venous catheters (CVC). AV Fistula is preferred over AVG and CVC because it provides better patient and Access survival owing to fewer accessrelated complications.