Advances in understanding CO2 responsive plant metabolomes in the era of climate change

Abstract

Anthropogenic climate change due to increased CO 2 emission poses a major threat to global crop productivity, food quality, and security. Numerous studies, mostly classical, have predicted the effects of increased CO 2 levels on environmental temperature and water balance, and on the life cycle, biomass, photosynthesis, leaf carbon/nitrogen ratio, and stomatal distribution in various plant species. With the advent of high-throughput tools for studying plant-CO 2 responsiveness, it is now possible to obtain a metabolome-level view of the effect of climate change on plants. In this review, we examine the plant CO 2 -responsive primary and secondary metabolism, isoprene emission, in the presence of other stressors, and the advancement in state-of the art research methods that will facilitate future metabolomic studies.

Metabolomic Responses of Arabidopsis Suspension Cells to Bicarbonate under Light and Dark Conditions

“…Increased levels of metabolites from glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, galactose, starch and sucrose metabolism along the time-course ( Supplementary Table S3 ) are consistent with previous results of CO 2 induced accumulation of sugars and starch 38 . Although maintenance of a C/N balance in plants is complex and mediated by multiple mechanisms 39 , we observed metabolic flow in favor of primary metabolism with increased HCO 3 − .…”

“…Its increase possibly indicated increased pathway fluxes to generate more defense-related metabolites. Furthermore, elevated CO 2 is known to associate with increased secondary metabolites, e.g., phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids 38 . Increased secondary metabolism is a characteristic of light signal, which induce systems-wide changes in rice transcriptome 15 .…”

Metabolomic Responses of Guard Cells and Mesophyll Cells to Bicarbonate

“…Furthermore, in bread wheat [ 3 ] and strawberry [ 69 ] the accumulation of flavonoids increased upon elevated CO 2 as compared to plants under ambient CO 2 . Similarly, elevated CO 2 resulted in increased alkaloids by altering the C/N balance toward a positive effect on biosynthesis of these metabolites [ 70 ]. Under elevated CO 2 , high levels of morphine, codeine, papaverine, and noscapine were produced in wild poppy ( Papaver setigerum ) [ 71 ], and scopolamine was accumulated in jimson weed ( Datura stramonium L.) [ 72 ].…”

Petri net Modeling and Property Analysis of C3 plant Photosynthesis and Photorespiration

“…One can model the Rice plant system or any other carbohydrate giving plants network. This will help to check how nitrogen can improve the productivity just by placing one more place in the model without affecting the basic properties of the model [26,27].…”