Advances in understanding addiction treatment and recovery

Xu, Benjamin; LaBar, Kevin S.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaz6596

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…Despite the limitations of this study, the results with only 9 conditions demonstrate great potential for virtual nature being used as an additional nonpharmacologic treatment strategy in in SUD programs, especially those in urban settings. Given that only 1 in 10 individuals receive specialty treatment for SUD [3], use of virtual nature has a practical application as a cost-effective treatment strategy that can be readily implemented to provide an acute effect for stress reduction and improvement in mood. is treatment approach is cost-effective because it requires only a large screen high-definition television and nature videos of landscape images that have elements shown to be therapeutic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individuals with SUD may seek treatment from different healthcare providers in various settings, but only 1 in 10 receive any form of specialty treatment for their disorder. Treatment for SUD often includes behavioral, social, and cognitive interventions to address psychological and emotional effects, in addition to pharmacological interventions [3]. Individuals who participate in treatment for a prolonged period, such as in a residential treatment program, are more likely to stop using substances, reduce criminal engagement, and improve their ability to function [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Virtual Nature as an Intervention for Reducing Stress and Improving Mood in People with Substance Use Disorder

Reynolds

Rogers²,

Benford

et al. 2020

Journal of Addiction

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Substance use disorder (SUD) afflicts a large percentage of the United States population, with negative implications that cost more than $420 billion annually. This population often experiences negative emotions throughout the recovery process, including anxiety, depression, stress, and negative affect. Currently, evidence-based treatment strategies for SUD include cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, 12-step programs, and mindfulness-based treatment. One intervention that has not been studied at length among individuals with SUD is use of the natural environment as treatment. Among other patient populations, nature has been shown to reduce stress and anxiety by regulating autonomic nervous system function, reducing symptoms of depression, and improving mood. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether viewing nature videos could similarly reduce stress and improve mood in individuals with SUD. A crossover design was used to compare viewing a nature scene and practicing mindfulness-based activities for women with SUD at a residential treatment facility. Over four weeks, participants engaged in the two activities for the first 10 minutes of their daily program. Immediately before and after each 10 minute session, measures were taken for heart rate, in beats per minute (BPM); affect, using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS); and overall mood, using a 10-point rating scale from “very unpleasant” to “pleasant.” Thirty-six women completed the study. For viewing a nature scene and practicing the mindfulness-based activities, there were statistically significant reductions in mean negative affect scores (p=0.001) and heart rate (p≤0.001). In addition, for participants in both conditions, overall mood improved significantly (p=0.030). The results from this study provide initial evidence that viewing nature has similar benefits to MBT in the treatment of stress and negative mood associated with the SUD recovery process and may be an additional, cost-effective treatment strategy for individuals with SUD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Nature as an Intervention for Reducing Stress and Improving Mood in People with Substance Use Disorder

Reynolds

Rogers²,

Benford

et al. 2020

Journal of Addiction

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“…Yet, CNS drug developers practice their craft by adhering to two conflicting beliefs: (a) drugs for CNS disease can be developed, and (b) CNS drug development can take place in the absence of any consideration of the blood-brain barrier. These contradictory beliefs are illustrated by recent reviews of drug development for AD [1202][1203][1204][1205], PD [755,1206], stroke [1207], brain cancer [1208], Huntington's disease [1209], ALS [1210], ataxia [1211], spinal cord injury [1212], traumatic brain injury [1213], or addiction [1214]. In none of these reviews on drug development for specific brain diseases was the BBB even mentioned, so the crucial issue of brain drug delivery was uniformly in absentia in the CNS drug development process.…”

Section: Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery

Pardridge

2022

Pharmaceutics

106

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The history of brain drug delivery is reviewed beginning with the first demonstration, in 1914, that a drug for syphilis, salvarsan, did not enter the brain, due to the presence of a blood–brain barrier (BBB). Owing to restricted transport across the BBB, FDA-approved drugs for the CNS have been generally limited to lipid-soluble small molecules. Drugs that do not cross the BBB can be re-engineered for transport on endogenous BBB carrier-mediated transport and receptor-mediated transport systems, which were identified during the 1970s–1980s. By the 1990s, a multitude of brain drug delivery technologies emerged, including trans-cranial delivery, CSF delivery, BBB disruption, lipid carriers, prodrugs, stem cells, exosomes, nanoparticles, gene therapy, and biologics. The advantages and limitations of each of these brain drug delivery technologies are critically reviewed.

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“…Participants 1-10 each noted that their clients had been evicted from housing, lost jobs, been arrested, been hospitalized, disowned by family, and numerous other effects, including the loss of children to adoption and foster care, and nearly dying from overdoses or at-risk behaviors while intoxicated (Griffen et al, 2020;Xu & LaBar, 2019). While these circumstances would provoke many to change living situations, participants 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 10 had clients who appeared unmoved by the aforementioned consequences.…”

Section: Results For Research Question Threementioning

confidence: 99%

Therapy in the Age of Legalized Marijuana: A Qualitative Study of Counselors’ Experience in Responding to Patient Marijuana Use

Firebaugh

Walker

Craft

et al. 2022

AM J QUALITATIVE RES

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A qualitative phenomenological study, the lived experiences of clinicians who treat clients using marijuana pre-and post-legalization in California are explored. This study was conducted to better understand the misconceptions associated with user attitudes and beliefs about marijuana use and provide clinicians, researchers, and physicians with information on the overall physical and emotional effects of marijuana use. Since legalization, investigating attitude and belief changes was essential to understanding the impact of marijuana's accessibility on user behaviors. Participants (n=10) were licensed mental health care providers working in California who provided treatment for current or recent users of marijuana products over the last year. A 20-question open-ended interview was delivered via Zoom regarding provider experiences with client marijuana use disclosure post-legalization. A thematic analysis of qualitative data was performed. The results provide clinician insights about post-legalization marijuana attitudes and beliefs about use. Findings revealed differences in reported youth and adult-use behaviors. Reduced stigma and social acceptance of marijuana post-legislation has resulted in clients' more clearly, openly, and honestly addressing their drug use, specifically, use behaviors associated with marijuana products. There is a need for research to further explore the attitudes and beliefs of users and how often CUD is identified and treated in clinical therapy. This study has provided the perspective of the therapy provider treating individuals who use cannabis. This study provides opportunities for further study on the legalization of marijuana, potency, and accessibility of marijuana as it pertains to the practice of clinical therapy with cannabis users as legalized use continues to increase for recreational and medicinal use.

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Advances in understanding addiction treatment and recovery

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Virtual Nature as an Intervention for Reducing Stress and Improving Mood in People with Substance Use Disorder

Virtual Nature as an Intervention for Reducing Stress and Improving Mood in People with Substance Use Disorder

A Historical Review of Brain Drug Delivery

Therapy in the Age of Legalized Marijuana: A Qualitative Study of Counselors’ Experience in Responding to Patient Marijuana Use

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