Advances in tribology: the materials point of view

Czichos, Horst; Klaffke, D.; Santner, E.; Woydt, Mathias

doi:10.1016/0043-1648(96)80014-7

Cited by 124 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…PEEK and PI [1][2][3][4][5] are two kinds of widely used engineering polymer materials as roller bearing cages and rings in ceramic bearings [6][7][8]. Ceramic bearings are developed for industrial applications under extreme and special operating conditions in water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous lubrication and surface microstructures of engineering polymer materials (PEEK and PI) when sliding against Si3N4

et al. 2017

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Polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) and polyimide (PI) are two kinds of engineering polymer materials widely used as roller bearing cages and rings under extreme environment because of their noise reduction and corrosion resistance properties. The Si 3 N 4 ceramic is the most common ball bearing material. Many current engineering applications of ball bearings require aqueous lubrication. Therefore, this study presents the aqueous lubrication of tribopairs formed by PEEK and PI material sliding against Si 3 N 4 ceramic. Experimental results show that two tribopairs exhibited the similar tribological properties under the dry condition. Water as a lubricant for the PI-Si 3 N 4 tribopair pairs effectively reduces both friction coefficients by 35.5% and wear rates by 32%. The water absorption of PI induces better tribological properties by changing the tribopair surface properties. In addition, the dimples appearing on the PI tribopair surface under water generate additional hydrodynamic lubrication and further improve the friction properties of surface. The PEEK-Si 3 N 4 tribopair shows similar friction coefficients under two kinds of environments. The wear rates under water are approximately more than two times of that under dry sliding. However, water inhibits the appearance of the crush phenomenon and enhances the carrying capacity of the tribopair. Energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction spectra demonstrate no chemical corrosion. The 3D profiler and SEM morphologies illustrate that the transfer film would be formed from the surface of PEEK under water but hindered under dry friction. Overall, the PI-Si 3 N 4 tribopair exhibits better properties than PEEK under water and is promising for future applications in the bearing industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous lubrication and surface microstructures of engineering polymer materials (PEEK and PI) when sliding against Si3N4

et al. 2017

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“…They have become elements of real machines, and the need for tribological knowledge has risen from the many frictional applications now involving plastics. Some general knowledge of polymers and composites has been published summarising global experiences, e.g., wear mechanism and particle detachment, transfer films, and the effects of reinforcements and lubricants [6][7][8]. Large numbers of papers have addressed a given material family, e.g., polyamides, under different conditions, such as abrasive effects [9][10][11][12].…”

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confidence: 99%

An engineering approach to dry friction behaviour of numerous engineering plastics with respect to the mechanical properties

Kalácska¹

2013

Express Polym. Lett.

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The effect of friction on the wear of engineering polymers is a complex and intricate consequence of the micro-and macroscopic interactions of surfaces moving against one another. Friction and the resulting wear are not material properties of plastics; therefore, they cannot be reduced to tabular data of material characteristics that can be found in relevant manuals. Determining friction and the resulting wear involves more complex examination because they are characteristics of a frictional contact system where the effects of the entire system are manifest. Precise knowledge of system conditions is essential to evaluate the friction and resulting wear [1]. These materials have system-dependent tribological behaviour; thus, trends can be defined at a given condition, and the materials can be compared. The system approach is well-known from the literature [2, 199 An engineering approach to dry friction behaviour of numerous engineering plastics with respect to the mechanical properties G. Kalácska Abstract. Twenty-one different commercial-grade engineering polymers, including virgin and composite types, were selected for testing, based on mechanical engineering practices. Three groups were formed according to typical applications: 1) Sliding machine element materials; 2) Mechanically load-carrying machine element materials that are often subjected to friction and wear effects; and 3) Additional two amorphous materials used as chemically resistant materials that have rare sliding load properties. The friction running-in state was tested using a dynamic pin-on-plate test rig. During steady-state friction tests, two pv regimes (0.8 and 2 MPa"ms -1 ) were analysed by a pin-on-disc test system. Based on the measured forces on ground structural steel, surface friction coefficients were calculated and analysed with respect to the mechanical effects of friction. The friction results were evaluated by the measured mechanical properties: yield stress, Shore D hardness, Young's modulus and elongation at the break. The three material groups exhibited different trends in friction with respect to changing mechanical properties. Linear (with varying positive and negative slopes), logarithmic and exponential relationships were observed, and occasionally there were no effects observed. At steady-state friction, the elongation at the break had less effect on the friction coefficients. The dynamic sliding model, which correlates better to real machine element applications, showed that increasing hardness and yield stress decreases friction. During steady-state friction, an increase in pv regime often changed the sign of the linear relationship between the material property and the friction, which agrees with the frictional theory of polymer/steel sliding pairs.

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“…The high friction coefficients of Al 2 O 3 and SiC monolithic materials (around 0.4-0.6) are typical for ceramic materials [35]. As it can be seen in Figure 5a, the friction coefficient of the nanocomposites decreases when the CNFs content is increased.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Carbon materials with tailored porosity by self-assembly method: Influence of the synthesis conditions

Zubizarreta

Iserte

Llovera

et al. 2011

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials

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ElsevierBorrell Tomás, MA.; Torrecillas, R.; Rocha, VG.; Fernandez, A.; Bonache Bezares, V.; Salvador Moya, MD. (2012). Effect of CNFs content on the tribological behaviour of spark plasma sintering ceramic-CNFs composites. Wear. 274:94-99. doi:10.1016Wear. 274:94-99. doi:10. /j.wear.2011 . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 2 Al 2 O 3 /CNFs and SiC/CNFs nanocomposites with high CNFs content was found to be significantly lower compared to monolithic Al 2 O 3 and SiC due to the effect of CNFs and unexpectedly slightly lower than CNFs material. The main wear mechanism in the nanocomposite was abrasion of the ceramic and carbon components which act in the interface as a sort of lubricating media. The experimental results demonstrate that the addition of CNFs to the ceramic composites significantly reduces friction coefficient and wear rate, resulting in suitable materials for unlubricated tribological applications.

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Advances in tribology: the materials point of view

Cited by 124 publications

References 3 publications

Aqueous lubrication and surface microstructures of engineering polymer materials (PEEK and PI) when sliding against Si3N4

Aqueous lubrication and surface microstructures of engineering polymer materials (PEEK and PI) when sliding against Si3N4

An engineering approach to dry friction behaviour of numerous engineering plastics with respect to the mechanical properties

Carbon materials with tailored porosity by self-assembly method: Influence of the synthesis conditions

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