Advances in the Use of Conducting Polymers for Healthcare Monitoring

Abstract

Conducting polymers (CPs) are an innovative class of materials recognized for their high flexibility and biocompatibility, making them an ideal choice for health monitoring applications that require flexibility. They are active in their design. Advances in fabrication technology allow the incorporation of CPs at various levels, by combining diverse CPs monomers with metal particles, 2D materials, carbon nanomaterials, and copolymers through the process of polymerization and mixing. This method produces materials with unique physicochemical properties and is highly customizable. In particular, the development of CPs with expanded surface area and high conductivity has significantly improved the performance of the sensors, providing high sensitivity and flexibility and expanding the range of available options. However, due to the morphological diversity of new materials and thus the variety of characteristics that can be synthesized by combining CPs and other types of functionalities, choosing the right combination for a sensor application is difficult but becomes important. This review focuses on classifying the role of CP and highlights recent advances in sensor design, especially in the field of healthcare monitoring. It also synthesizes the sensing mechanisms and evaluates the performance of CPs on electrochemical surfaces and in the sensor design. Furthermore, the applications that can be revolutionized by CPs will be discussed in detail.

Magnetic Characterization of MR Fluid by Means of Neural Networks

“…Appearance dark gray liquid Viscosity Pa-s@40 • C (104 • F) calculated 0.092 ± 0.015 as slope 800-1200 s −1 Density g/cm 3 2.98-3.18…”

“…An interesting application of these materials is their use in so-called intelligent systems (smart systems or smart structures). Magnetorheological (MR) and electrorheological (ER) fluids are materials that manifest a change in rheological behavior when subjected, respectively, to a magnetic or electric field [2][3][4].…”

Comparative Analysis of the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility between CAD/CAM and Conventional Polymers Applied in Prosthetic Dentistry

“…Polyesters, comprising polymers featuring ester functional groups in their chains, encompass both natural (e.g., cutin) and synthetic (e.g., polycarbonate) varieties [37]. Exhibiting high impact resistance and resilience to external and atmospheric factors, they withstand temperatures ranging from −40 to +120 • C [7,10].…”

Conductive Core–Shell Nanoparticles: Synthesis and Applications

“…PEDOT, a derivative of PTh, stands out as the preeminent choice among CPs because of its remarkable attributes such as superior conductivity, robust physical and chemical stability, high biocompatibility, exceptional optical transparency, and versatility in terms of doping and solution processing. 67 These attributes are underpinned by the molecular structure and electronic configuration of PEDOT, where the sulfur atoms in the thiophene (Th) rings enhance π-electron delocalization across the polymer chain. These inherent advantages have propelled PEDOT into extensive applications across diverse fields, including energy conversion and storage devices, as well as biosensing technologies.…”