Advances in the Synthesis of 2D MXenes

Wei, Yi; Zhang, Peng; Soomro, Razium Ali; Zhu, Qizhen; Xu, Bin

doi:10.1002/adma.202103148

Cited by 636 publications

(420 citation statements)

References 177 publications

(316 reference statements)

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“…The presence of single or mixed terminations in MXenes is determined by their synthesis or processing. [ 9 , 10 , 11 ] In general, they are synthesized by selectively etching A layers from MAX phases, where A is a group of 13 or 14 elements (e.g., Al, Si, Ga), and M and X are the same as for the corresponding MXene. The first and the most studied MXene is Ti 3 C 2 T x (T = ‐O, ‐OH, ‐F), which was first produced in 2011 with a hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution as the etchant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Metal Ions in MXene Synthesis, Processing and Applications: A Perspective

Tao

Shang

et al. 2022

Advanced Science

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With a decade of effort, significant progress has been achieved in the synthesis, processing, and applications of MXenes. Metal ions play many crucial roles, such as in MXene delamination, structure regulation, surface modification, MXene composite construction, and even some unique applications. The different roles of metal ions are attributed to their many interactions with MXenes and the unique nature of MXenes, including their layered structure, surface chemistry, and the existence of multi‐valent transition metals. Interactions with metal ions are crucial for the energy storage of MXene electrodes, especially in metal ion batteries and supercapacitors with neutral electrolytes. This review aims to provide a good understanding of the interactions between metal ions and MXenes, including the classification and fundamental chemistry of their interactions, in order to achieve their more effective utilization and rational design. It also provides new perspectives on MXene evolution and exfoliation, which may suggest optimized synthesis strategies. In this respect, the different effects of metal ions on MXene synthesis and processing are clarified, and the corresponding mechanisms are elaborated. Research progress on the roles metal ions have in MXene applications is also introduced.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of Metal Ions in MXene Synthesis, Processing and Applications: A Perspective

Tao

Shang

et al. 2022

Advanced Science

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“…MXenes, a new family of the 2D materials, have already been proved to be promising candidate as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], such as LIBs and supercapacitors. Among the large family of MXenes, Ti 3 C 2 T x [32] is the most widely studied one for electrochemical energy storage owing to its high electronic conductivity (up to 2.4 × 10 4 S cm −1 ) [33], hydrophilic surfaces and high density [34]. The theoretical conductivity of the Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene is even higher than carbon nanotubes and graphene because of its metal carbide core layers [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MOF-Derived ZnS Nanodots/Ti3C2Tx MXene Hybrids Boosting Superior Lithium Storage Performance

et al. 2021

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ZnS has great potentials as an anode for lithium storage because of its high theoretical capacity and resource abundance; however, the large volume expansion accompanied with structural collapse and low conductivity of ZnS cause severe capacity fading and inferior rate capability during lithium storage. Herein, 0D-2D ZnS nanodots/Ti3C2Tx MXene hybrids are prepared by anchoring ZnS nanodots on Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets through coordination modulation between MXene and MOF precursor (ZIF-8) followed with sulfidation. The MXene substrate coupled with the ZnS nanodots can synergistically accommodate volume variation of ZnS over charge–discharge to realize stable cyclability. As revealed by XPS characterizations and DFT calculations, the strong interfacial interaction between ZnS nanodots and MXene nanosheets can boost fast electron/lithium-ion transfer to achieve excellent electrochemical activity and kinetics for lithium storage. Thereby, the as-prepared ZnS nanodots/MXene hybrid exhibits a high capacity of 726.8 mAh g−1 at 30 mA g−1, superior cyclic stability (462.8 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1), and excellent rate performance. The present results provide new insights into the understanding of the lithium storage mechanism of ZnS and the revealing of the effects of interfacial interaction on lithium storage performance enhancement.

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“…Ti 3 C 2 T x colloid suspension was synthesized by selectively etching Al elements from the Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX phase with LiF/ HCl [43,44]. Briefly, 3.2 g of LiF was dissolved in 40 mL (9 M) HCl solution and stirred uniformly in a Teflon reactor.…”

Section: Preparation Of Ti 3 C 2 T X and Gomentioning

confidence: 99%

Room-Temperature Assembled MXene-Based Aerogels for High Mass-Loading Sodium-Ion Storage

Song

et al. 2021

Nano-Micro Lett.

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Low-temperature assembly of MXene nanosheets into three-dimensional (3D) robust aerogels addresses the crucial stability concern of the nano-building blocks during the fabrication process, which is of key importance for transforming the fascinating properties at the nanoscale into the macroscopic scale for practical applications. Herein, suitable cross-linking agents (amino-propyltriethoxysilane, Mn2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, and Co2+) as interfacial mediators to engineer the interlayer interactions are reported to realize the graphene oxide (GO)-assisted assembly of Ti3C2Tx MXene aerogel at room temperature. This elaborate aerogel construction not only suppresses the oxidation degradation of Ti3C2Tx but also generates porous aerogels with a high Ti3C2Tx content (87 wt%) and robustness, thereby guaranteeing the functional accessibility of Ti3C2Tx nanosheets and operational reliability as integrated functional materials. In combination with a further sulfur modification, the Ti3C2Tx aerogel electrode shows promising electrochemical performances as the freestanding anode for sodium-ion storage. Even at an ultrahigh loading mass of 12.3 mg cm−2, a pronounced areal capacity of 1.26 mAh cm−2 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 has been achieved, which is of practical significance. This work conceptually suggests a new way to exert the utmost surface functionalities of MXenes in 3D monolithic form and can be an inspiring scaffold to promote the application of MXenes in different areas.

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Advances in the Synthesis of 2D MXenes

Cited by 636 publications

References 177 publications

Roles of Metal Ions in MXene Synthesis, Processing and Applications: A Perspective

Roles of Metal Ions in MXene Synthesis, Processing and Applications: A Perspective

MOF-Derived ZnS Nanodots/Ti3C2Tx MXene Hybrids Boosting Superior Lithium Storage Performance

Room-Temperature Assembled MXene-Based Aerogels for High Mass-Loading Sodium-Ion Storage

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