Advances in the Synthesis and Application of Anti-Fouling Membranes Using Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress in the application of advanced two-dimensional nanomaterials (2DNMs) in membranes fabrication and application for water purification. The membranes fouling, its types, and anti-fouling mechanisms of different 2DNMs containing membrane systems are also discussed. The developments in membrane synthesis and modification using 2DNMs, especially graphene and graphene family materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), MXenes, and others are critically reviewed. Further, the application potential of next-generation 2DNMs-based membranes in water/wastewater treatment systems is surveyed. Finally, the current problems and future opportunities of applying 2DNMs for anti-fouling membranes are also debated.

Physicochemical Treatments of Graphene Oxide to Improve Water Vapor/Gas Separation Performance of Supported Laminar Membranes: Sonication and H2O2 Oxidation

“…This capability arises from the selective adsorption of water molecules onto GO and the small interlayer gap (referred to as “ d -space”), which prevents the permeation of hydrated salt ions. GO membranes also show promise in water purification by selectively removing contaminants such as heavy metals, organic pollutants, and bacteria, thus enhancing selectivity and fouling resistance. − These encouraging findings suggest that GO membranes could provide efficient and cost-effective solutions for a variety of water separation applications.…”