Advances in the study of OSA and diabetic foot

Abstract

Diabetic foot is one of the most serious and painful chronic complications of diabetic patients, especially elderly diabetic patients. It has a high rate of death, disability and amputation. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a treatable chronic sleep disorder. Existing evidence suggests that OSA may promote the development and delay the healing of diabetic foot, and continuous positive airway pressure therapy may promote the healing of ulcers. Therefore, in the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, cooperation with sleep medicine should be strengthened, and the basic and clinical research on diabetic foot combined with OSA should be strengthened, so as to reduce the amputation rate, improve the cure rate and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events.

Functional Connectivity Changes in Amygdala Subregions of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients After Six Months of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment

“…org/dpabi), which was based on SPM 12 (http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/software/spm12/) and running on MATLAB 2018b (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA). The following steps were taken: (1) time points were corrected for 3D head movements, and the maximum displacement (x, y, z) > 2.0 mm, maximum rotation > 2.0° or frame displacement of any of the 230 volumes exceeding 2.0 standard deviations were excluded; (5) aligning the functional images of each subject with the EPI template. (6) normalizing the image space to the Montreal Neuroscience Institute (MNI) template, resampling it to 3×3×3 mm3 voxel size, and then smoothing it with a 6-mm full width at half-maxima (FWHM) Gaussian smoothing kernel, the data were filtered using a bandwidth of 0.01~0.08 Hz; (7) linear regression was then employed to regress 24 head movement parameters and white matter and cerebrospinal fluid signals.…”

“…1 The overall population's OSA prevalence ranged from 9% to 38%, with an increase in prevalence with weight and age. 2,3 OSA is a public health issue that leads to a range of health problems, including hypertension, atrial fibrillation, 4 type 2 diabetes, 5 depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. 6,7 In addition, brain alterations have been observed in patients with OSA, especially in brain regions associated with mood and cognitive function, which are mainly thought to be caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxidative stress, and hypoxemia.…”

Old and Novel Predictors for Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetic Foot Syndrome—A Narrative Review

“…Men have a higher risk of developing DF compared to women [83][84][85][86]. The recurrence rate of diabetic foot after healing is 30% [83,87]. Based on these data and taking into account the high costs associated with medication and hospitalization, it has become necessary to develop primary or secondary prevention strategies to decrease mortality and acute vascular events in this category of patients [88].…”

Preclinical study of diabetic foot ulcers: From pathogenesis to vivo/vitro models and clinical therapeutic transformation

“…Altho ugh the above treatments can promote angiogenesis, improve neurological function or reduce inflammatory response to promote DFU healing, but can not prevent recurrent DFU, or even lead to amputation. With the rise of new technologies such as metabonomics, proteomics and single cell sequencing, the new regimen of DFU therapy is gradually being recognized 9,10 …”

“…With the rise of new technologies such as metabonomics, proteomics and single cell sequencing, the new regimen of DFU therapy is gradually being recognized. 9,10 Although the study of human donor tissue is an excellent asset to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of DFU, the acquisition of human donor tissue is very rare, and the pathological mechanism of DFU can not be fully demonstrated. The animal model solves these problems and improves the success of clinical transformation to a great extent.…”