Advances in the Study of Hyperprogression of Different Tumors Treated with PD-1/PD-L1 Antibody and the Mechanisms of Its Occurrence

Abstract

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies, have demonstrated significant clinical benefits in the treatment of individuals with many types of cancer. However, as more and more patients use such therapies, the side effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors have also been discovered. These include accelerated tumor growth in some patients, creating new lesions, and even life-threatening ones. These side effects are known as hyperprogression disease (HPD), and different types of tumors have different HPD conditions after ICIs treatment. Therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of HPD and predicting its occurrence is critical for patients using ICIs therapy. Here, we will briefly review the current status of PD-1/PD-L1 antibody therapy, HPD occurrence in various types of tumors, and the underlying mechanism.

Application of Polyphenols and Flavonoids in Oncological Therapy

“…Under normal circumstances, the body’s immune system can identify and eliminate cancer cells; however, cancer cells have an “immune escape” mechanism that allows them to evade recognition and attack by the immune system in various ways, allowing them to multiply in the body and prevent elimination [ 3 ].…”