Advances in the study of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in myocardial remodeling

Abstract

Myocardial remodeling is a key pathophysiological basis of heart failure, which seriously threatens human health and causes a severe economic burden worldwide. During chronic stress, the heart undergoes myocardial remodeling, mainly manifested by cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, interstitial fibrosis, chamber enlargement, and cardiac dysfunction. The NADPH oxidase family (NOXs) are multisubunit transmembrane enzyme complexes involved in the generation of redox signals. Studies have shown that NOXs are highly expressed in the heart and are involved in the pathological development process of myocardial remodeling, which influences the development of heart failure. This review summarizes the progress of research on the pathophysiological processes related to the regulation of myocardial remodeling by NOXs, suggesting that NOXs-dependent regulatory mechanisms of myocardial remodeling are promising new therapeutic targets for the treatment of heart failure.

NADPH-oxidases as potential pharmacological targets for thrombosis and depression comorbidity

“…Similarly, antidepressants such as fluoxetine and mirtazapine can reduce the activity and expression of the NOX subunits and the subsequent production of ROS in microglial cells [ 53 , 324 , 325 ].…”

“…NOXs are exclusively accountable for ROS production and are the main cellular ROS source in mammalian [ 51 , 52 ]. NOXs are expressed in the cardiovascular system [ 53 ], in various cell types including platelets [ 54 , 55 ], endothelial cells [ [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] ] and leukocytes [ 60 ] playing a role in thrombotic events, as well as in the brain cells relevant to depression including neurons, microglia, and astrocytes ( Fig. 2 ; Table 1 ) [ 61 ].…”

Knockdown of ANGPTL2 promotes left ventricular systolic dysfunction by upregulation of NOX4 in mice

“…Inflammatory signaling is strongly involved in cardiac remodeling by the secretion of inflammatory cytokines ( Frieler and Mortensen, 2015 ). In addition, oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of cardiac remodeling ( Miao et al, 2022 ). In particular, NOXs such as NOX2 and NOX4, that are highly expressed in the heart ( Lassegue et al, 2012 ), produce ROS that regulate the level of oxidative stress and contribute to both structural and metabolic myocardial remodeling ( Miao et al, 2022 ).…”

“…In addition, oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of cardiac remodeling ( Miao et al, 2022 ). In particular, NOXs such as NOX2 and NOX4, that are highly expressed in the heart ( Lassegue et al, 2012 ), produce ROS that regulate the level of oxidative stress and contribute to both structural and metabolic myocardial remodeling ( Miao et al, 2022 ). We previously reported that in Angptl2 -KD mice, vascular endothelial function was preserved via upregulation of NOX4 that produces dilatory H 2 O 2 while decreasing the activity of NOX2-producing superoxide, preserving eNOS coupling and NO dilatory function ( Yu et al, 2015 ).…”

A Second Life for Seafood Waste: Therapeutical Promises of Polyhydroxynapthoquinones Extracted from Sea Urchin by-Products

“…Several biological components, such as different cell subtypes, growth factors, cytokines, and the extracellular matrix (ECM), among others, participate and tightly regulate the wound healing process [ 3 ]. In the cellular environment, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxygen-derived molecules (including radicals) and unstable oxygen-containing molecules produced mainly by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and mitochondria respiratory chain [ 4 ], deserve particular attention, as they are essential for the stimulation of the wound healing process. Indeed, low levels of ROS drive lymphocytes recruitment at the wound site, mediate vasoconstriction, activate platelets and thrombin, and promote wound debridement along with the clearance of apoptotic/necrotic cells throughout tissue remodeling.…”