Advances in the role of miRNAs in the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma

Abstract

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the skeletal system in the clinic. It mainly occurs in adolescent patients and the pathogenesis of the disease is very complicated. The distant metastasis may occur in the early stage, and the prognosis is poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs of about 18–25 nt in length that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of genes. miRNAs can regulate target gene expression by promoting the degradation of target mRNAs or inhibiting the translation process, thereby the proliferation of OS cells can be inhibited and the apoptosis can be promoted; in this way, miRNAs can affect the metabolism of OS cells and can also participate in the occurrence, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence of OS. Some miRNAs have already been found to be closely related to the prognosis of patients with OS. Unlike other reviews, this review summarizes the miRNA molecules closely related to the development, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of OS in recent years. The expression and influence of miRNA molecule on OS were discussed in detail, and the related research progress was summarized to provide a new research direction for early diagnosis and treatment of OS.

MicroRNAs Modulate Signaling Pathways in Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

“…Further, it inhibits osteogenic differentiation in a female mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis (OP) and, in agreement with this, high levels of miR-205 have been identified in human female patients. This shows the correlation between the in vitro and in vivo activities of this miRNA [ 179 ], which negatively regulates osteoblastic differentiation of BM-MSCs, via inhibition of RUNX2 as well as special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) expression [ 180 ].…”

A novel nanoprobe for visually investigating the controversial role of miRNA-34a as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in cancer cells

“…MiRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules with a length of only 18-25 nucleotides and play an essential role in regulating biological gene expression. 2,3 A large number of studies have demonstrated that miRNA dysregulation is closely associated with cancer initiation and progression. [4][5][6] MiRNAs also participate in the regulation of cell apoptosis via inhibiting or enhancing miRNA expression, making themselves potential therapeutic targets to promote precision tumor therapy.…”