Advances in the Research and Application of Artificial Insemination to Equids in China: 1935–2012

Liang, Dong; Hong-yun, Duan; Zhang, Xiang; Zeng, Shenming; Changxin, Wu; Guocai, Han

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2013.07.010

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In a review of the use of AI in equids in China between 1935 and 2012, Deng et al [43] report conception rates between 52.3 percent and 73.2 percent, whilst Chang et al [54] report conception rates between 76.0 percent and 70.8 percent for timed AI with frozen-thawed semen, which is high compared to studies from outside China. China has a long history of using AI in donkeys going back to the 1940s and AI use has been widespread since the 1950s [43]. Wu [55] reports that using oestrus synchronisation and other techniques, the conception rates for Dezhou donkeys in the National Black Donkey Breeding Center in Shandong, China, have increased from 45 percent in 2013 to 92 percent in 2016.…”

Section: Reproductive Performance Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, compared to Animals 2020, 10, 718 4 of 22 horses and other domesticated animals, knowledge about the reproductive physiology of donkeys and donkey breeding management is still very limited [34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. In addition, intensive donkey farming is a relatively recent development, mainly for the production of donkey dairy products in Europe and for donkey hides but also meat and dairy in China [23,34,[41][42][43][44][45]. To date, intensive donkey farming is still under-researched and knowledge on donkey farming systems is very limited.…”

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of the published research has been carried out in Europe [11]. Donkey Animals 2020, 10, 718 5 of 22 farming in China mainly uses Chinese breeds with the Dezhou breed the preferred, but not the only, breed used by donkey farms that supply the hide market [43,45,47]. Where information is available for Chinese breeds, more weight is given to the values reported for Chinese breeds than to information on other donkey breeds.…”

Section: Reproductive Performance Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outside China, AI for donkeys with frozen-thawed semen has only recently received attention [37,40,[51][52][53]. In a review of the use of AI in equids in China between 1935 and 2012, Deng et al [43] report conception rates between 52.3 percent and 73.2 percent, whilst Chang et al [54] report conception rates between 76.0 percent and 70.8 percent for timed AI with frozen-thawed semen, which is high compared to studies from outside China. China has a long history of using AI in donkeys going back to the 1940s and AI use has been widespread since the 1950s [43].…”

Section: Reproductive Performance Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential for New Donkey Farming Systems to Supply the Growing Demand for Hides

Bennett

Pfuderer

2020

Animals

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The demand for donkey hides for ejiao, a Traditional Chinese Medicine, has resulted in rapidly increasing prices for donkey hides and donkeys. This has put pressure on donkey populations globally and has implications for donkey welfare and the livelihoods of those who rely on donkeys as working animals. The aim of the research was to explore the feasibility of setting up new donkey farming systems to supply the rising demand for ejiao using a system dynamics model of donkey production. Results show that the size of the initial female breeding herd, reproductive performance, age of reproduction, percentage of female births and average breeding life of donkeys are key variables affecting the time to build up the donkey population to supply the demand for hides, which will be at least ten to fifteen years. The implications of this are: (i) prices for donkey hides will continue to increase, (ii) companies producing ejiao will use other ingredients, (iii) China will continue to source donkey hides from around the world, and (iv) there will be continued theft and illegal trade of donkeys and concerns for rural households reliant on donkeys for their livelihoods and adverse impacts on donkey welfare.

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Section: Reproductive Performance Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reproductive Performance Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reproductive Performance Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential for New Donkey Farming Systems to Supply the Growing Demand for Hides

Bennett

Pfuderer

2020

Animals

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“…Horses in ancient times were instrumental to agricultural production, transportation and military use (Creel 1965, Deng et al 2014 of the world's largest consumers of horses. Horse health status is associated with industrial development and economic loss for horse breeders (Padalino 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Horse-Expert: An aided expert system for diagnosing horse diseases

Qin¹,

Xiao²,

Gao³

et al. 2016

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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In contrast to the rapid development of the horse husbandry in China, the ability of horse veterinarians to diagnose diseases has not been improved and only a few domain experts have considerable expertise. At present, many expert systems have been developed for diseases diagnosis, but few for horse diseases diagnosis have been studied in depth. This paper presents the design and development of a computer-aided expert system for diagnosing horse diseases. We suggest an approach for diagnosis of horse diseases based on the analysis of diagnostic characteristics and the experiential knowledge of domain experts. It is based on using evidence-weighted uncertainty reasoning theory, which is a combination of evidence theory and an uncertainty pass algorithm of confidence factors. It enables drawing of inferences with atypical clinical signs and the uncertainty of the user's subjective understanding. It reduces the influence of subjective factors on diagnostic accuracy. The system utilizes a user friendly interface for users and requests a confidence factor from users when feedback is given to the system. Horse-Expert combines the confidence factors with weight factors assigned to clinical signs by experts during the knowledge acquisition process to make diagnostic conclusions. The system can diagnose 91 common horse diseases, and provides suggestions for appropriate treatment options. In addition, users can check the medical record through statistical charts. The system has been tested in seven demonstration areas of Xinjiang province in northwestern China. By constantly maintaining and updating the knowledge base, the system has potential application in veterinary practice.

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A comparison of fecal steroid metabolite concentrations between harem and bachelor stallions in a free‐Ranging population of przewalski's horses (Equus ferus przewalskii)

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to determine whether concentrations of reproductive steroid hormone metabolites significantly differed between harem stallions and bachelor stallions in the free ranging group of Przewalski's horses (Equus ferus przewalskii) at the Hortobágy National Park in Hungary. Throughout the study, fecal samples were collected from 21 harem stallions and 15 bachelor stallions and analyzed for immunoreactive estrogen and androgen metabolites. Harem stallions demonstrated significantly higher concentrations of estrogen (P < 0.001) and epi-androsterone (P < 0.001), but not testosterone (P = 0.426). These findings confirm that sociosexual status has a significant effect on androgen concentrations in individual Przewalski stallions. Zoo Biol. 36:127-131, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Advances in the Research and Application of Artificial Insemination to Equids in China: 1935–2012

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

The Potential for New Donkey Farming Systems to Supply the Growing Demand for Hides

The Potential for New Donkey Farming Systems to Supply the Growing Demand for Hides

Horse-Expert: An aided expert system for diagnosing horse diseases

A comparison of fecal steroid metabolite concentrations between harem and bachelor stallions in a free‐Ranging population of przewalski's horses (Equus ferus przewalskii)

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