Advances in the management of hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis

Tannock, Lisa R.

doi:10.1586/14779072.6.3.369

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…In aortic diseases, hyperlipidemia is a key factor in the development of atherosclerosis as it increases the quantity of circulating inflammatory cells and induces inflammatory pathways (34,35). Reportedly, sarpogrelate also modulates inflammatory-macrophage accumulation and inflammatory responses (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarpogrelate and rosuvastatin synergistically ameliorate aortic damage induced by hyperlipidemia in apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice

Liu

et al. 2020

Exp Ther Med

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The current study aimed to investigate whether sarpogrelate and rosuvastatin possess anti-arterial injury, and attempted to elucidate the mechanism of action underlying this activity. Sarpogrelate, a 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2A antagonist, is extensively used to prevent arterial thrombosis; however, its effects on atherosclerosis remain unknown. In the present study, sarpogrelate combined with rosuvastatin or rosuvastatin alone were administered to male ApoE-/mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Metabolic parameters in the blood samples were analyzed using an automatic analyzer. Aortic tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for morphological analysis. The expression levels of oxidized-low density lipoprotein (LDL) specific scavenging receptors, lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) and cluster of differentiation 68 were detected via immunostaining. mRNA expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were determined via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis, while protein expression levels of LOX-1 and phosphor(p)-ERK were determined via western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that sarpogrelate combined with rosuvastatin treatment significantly decreased total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in the serum, and alleviated intimal hyperplasia and lipid deposition, accompanied by decreased inflammatory cell infiltration and lower expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, compared with rosuvastatin monotherapy or HFD treatment. Furthermore, sarpogrelate combined with rosuvastatin treatment significantly decreased the expression levels of LOX-1 and pERK. Taken together, these results suggest that the positive effects of sarpogrelate combined with rosuvastatin treatment on aortic injury may be associated with the regulation of the LOX-1/p-ERK signaling pathway. Sarpogrelate and rosuvastatin synergistically decreased aortic damage in ApoE-/-HFD mice, and thus provide a basis for the treatment of aortic injury caused by hyperlipidemia with sarpogrelate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sarpogrelate and rosuvastatin synergistically ameliorate aortic damage induced by hyperlipidemia in apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice

Liu

et al. 2020

Exp Ther Med

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“…In general, LDL activates intracellular pathways to increase local and systemic inflammation, monocyte adhesion, endothelial cell dysfunction and apoptosis, and smooth muscle cell proliferation, resulting in foam cell formation and the genesis of atherosclerotic plaques. In contrast, HDL is capable of preventing or attenuating atherosclerosis (96,97). Although the blood lipid profile requires long-term monitoring, the direct participation of hyperlipidemia should not be discarded in assessing the risk of atherosclerosis in COVID-19 survivors.…”

Section: Dyslipidemia and Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Vigilance on New-Onset Atherosclerosis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Zhang

2021

Front. Med.

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The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global challenge to public health. While its typical clinical manifestations are respiratory disorders, emerging evidence of cardiovascular complications indicates the adverse interaction between SARS-CoV-2 infection and cardiovascular outcomes. Given that viral infection has emerged as an additional risk factor for atherosclerosis, in this paper, we attempt to clarify the susceptibility to new-onset atherosclerosis in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Mechanistically, serving as functional receptors for SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) mediates SARS-CoV-2 infection of endothelial cells (ECs) directly, leading to endothelial dysfunction and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In addition, high expression of CD147, an alternative receptor, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome may also contribute to atherosclerosis in the context of COVID-19. More importantly, SARS-CoV-2 attacks the immune system, which results in excessive inflammation and perpetuates a vicious cycle of deteriorated endothelial dysfunction that further promotes inflammation. The alterations in the blood lipid profile induced by COVID-19 should not be ignored in assessing the predisposition toward atherosclerosis in victims of COVID-19. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the long-term monitoring of inflammatory factors and endothelial function should be considered in the follow-up of patients who have recovered from COVID-19 for early detection and prevention of atherosclerosis.

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“…(7) Many epidemiological, clinical, and experimental studies indicated that reducing high serum LDL is an effective way to prevent atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. (8) The white root tuber of Cynanchum wilfordii (Asclepiadaceae), which is named to "Paeksuo or Paekhasuo" in Korea and "Baishouwu" in China, is one of the most famous traditional medicine used as a blood tonic, enriching vital essence, and enhancing immunity in Korea and China, and it has been confirmed to exhibit a beneficial effect on vascular disease. (9) Recently, it is found that tuber of C. wilfordii exhibits reducing effect of serum cholesterol in mouse, a gastroprotective effect on experimental gastric lesions in rats, and protects cortical neurons from toxicity induced by hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ).…”

Section: Research Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Cynanchum wilfordiiameliorates hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in rats fed with high fat/cholesterol diets

Choi¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2011

Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology

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Hypercholesterolemia increases the incidence of atherosclerosis and its pathologic complications. This study was performed to test the effect of an ethanol extract of Cynanchum wilfordii (ECW) on vascular dysfunction in rats fed with high fat/cholesterol diets (HFCD). Male rats were fed a HFCD consisting of 7.5% cocoa butter and 1.25% cholesterol, with or without 100, 200 mg/day/kg ECW. Rats fed with HFCD increased body weight associated with an increase in plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level. Chronic ECW treatment in HFCD-fed rats lessened LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels as well as elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Chronic ECW treatment recovered the HFCD-induced increase in systolic blood pressure, maintained smooth and soft intima endothelial layers by the decrease of intima-media thickness. ECW significantly recovered the diet-induced decrease in vasorelaxation to acetylcholine, high-dose ECW apparently increased vasorelaxation response to sodium nitroprusside in rats fed with HFCD. ECW clearly restored the HFCD-induced reduction in endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase expression and Akt expression levels in aortic tissue, leading to improve endothelial function through an increase in endothelium-derived NO production. Furthermore, treatment of ECW significantly recovered the HFCD-induced decrease in aortic cGMP levels in rats. These findings suggest that ECW ameliorates hypertension and endothelial dysfunction via improvement of NO/cGMP signaling pathway in aortic tissue of rats fed with HFCD, suggesting a vascular protective role for this herb in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerotic vascular disease.

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Advances in the management of hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis

Cited by 17 publications

References 113 publications

Sarpogrelate and rosuvastatin synergistically ameliorate aortic damage induced by hyperlipidemia in apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice

Sarpogrelate and rosuvastatin synergistically ameliorate aortic damage induced by hyperlipidemia in apolipoprotein E‑deficient mice

Vigilance on New-Onset Atherosclerosis Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Cynanchum wilfordiiameliorates hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in rats fed with high fat/cholesterol diets

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