2021
DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.06.005
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Advances in the Fabrication of Biomaterials for Gradient Tissue Engineering

Abstract: Natural tissues and organs exhibit an array of spatial gradients, from the polarized neural tube during embryonic development to the osteochondral interface present at articulating joints. The strong structure-function relationships in these heterogeneous tissues have sparked intensive research into the development of methods that can replicate physiological gradients in engineered tissues. In this Review, we consider different gradients present in natural tissues and discuss their critical importance in funct… Show more

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Cited by 119 publications
(98 citation statements)
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“…Recent technological advances in biomanufacturing have enabled the biofabrication of biomaterials with differentially arranged growth factor gradients. These advanced techniques include 3D bioprinting, microfluidics, layer-by-layer scaffolding, and techniques that utilize magnetic or electrical fields to distribute biomolecules within scaffolds ( Figure 9 C) [ 166 , 167 ]. Layer-by-layer (LbL) scaffolding has been utilized to create multilayered scaffolds embedded with several growth factors.…”
Section: Encapsulation Incorporation and Related Delivery Stratementioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recent technological advances in biomanufacturing have enabled the biofabrication of biomaterials with differentially arranged growth factor gradients. These advanced techniques include 3D bioprinting, microfluidics, layer-by-layer scaffolding, and techniques that utilize magnetic or electrical fields to distribute biomolecules within scaffolds ( Figure 9 C) [ 166 , 167 ]. Layer-by-layer (LbL) scaffolding has been utilized to create multilayered scaffolds embedded with several growth factors.…”
Section: Encapsulation Incorporation and Related Delivery Stratementioning
confidence: 99%
“…[6,7] More recently, researchers have developed other precise patterning techniques-buoyancy, acoustic, and magnetic patterning-that work across a wide range of materials (e.g., hydrogels) and objects (e.g., cells, growth factors, microspheres, etc.). [8][9][10][11][12] These methods rely on a differential between the object and material property of interest, x, where x refers to the density (buoyancy patterning), density and compressibility (acoustic patterning), or magnetic susceptibility (magnetic patterning). Unlike unidirectional buoyancy-driven gradients and geometric acoustic patterns, magnetic fields have the potential to create multidirectional 3D patterns.…”
Section: Doi: 101002/adma202005030mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…objects are receptive to magnetic tags; for example, intracellular iron oxide particles can compromise cell differentiation. [10,12,13] Ideally, an object could be magnetically manipulated without altering its intrinsic magnetic character.…”
Section: Doi: 101002/adma202005030mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Developing fabrication methods to create materials with biologically-relevant, complex, and dynamic gradients has become increasingly important for the tissue engineering field [11]. State-of-the-art strategies include electrospinning, microfluidics, 3D printing, component redistribution, and controlled phase changes [11][12][13]. Our lab has developed a novel method to spatially present different functional groups in a single, continuous scaffold by solvent-cast 3D printing with peptide-polymer How to cite this article: Camacho P, Fainor M, Seims KB, Tolbert JW, Chow LW.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%