Advances in the Experimental Models of HIV-Associated Neurological Disorders

Sil, Susmita; Periyasamy, Palsamy; Thangaraj, Annadurai; Niu, Fang; Chemparathy, Divya Thomas; Buch, Shilpa

doi:10.1007/s11904-021-00570-1

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 182 publications

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“…In primary neuronal cultures and mu-opioid receptor mutant animals, morphine exacerbated Tat's excitotoxic effects, including altered calcium and iron homeostasis, mitochondrial instability, and synaptodendritic damage. 14 Classical opportunistic infections may have different morphologies as a result of immune reconstitution and cART. 15 IRIS is a common consequence of antiretroviral therapy, particularly in immunocompromised individuals at the start of cART.…”

Section: Efforts Challenges and Research Being Taken To Overcome Obst...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological disorders in HIV: Hope despite challenges

Uwishema

Ayoub

Badri

et al. 2022

Immunity Inflam & Disease

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Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that causes several diseases by attacking the human immune system. It is transmitted by contact with certain bodily fluids of an infected person, most commonly during unprotected sex, through sharing needles, or from mother to baby during pregnancy, birth or breastfeeding. The central nervous system is not spared from this virus, as HIV has been shown to induce several neurological disorders. However most neurological pathologies (such as dementia, infections, meningitis, and neuropathy) rarely show until late stages, in this case, after the patients develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This article aims to review the neurological disorders in the HIV population and the attempts initiated to limit the disease.Methodology: Data were collected from medical journals published on PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Science Direct and Embase bibliographical databases with a predefined search strategy. All articles considering neurological disorders associated with HIV were considered. Results: To date, the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurological complications remains poorly elucidated; thus, imposing a hindrance and limitations on the treatment options. Nevertheless, some studies have reported alterations in dendritic spine as the causative agent for developing brain damage. Conclusion:HIV remains one of the most serious global health challenges, with neurological manifestations imposing a major concern among patients with HIV. Despite the availability and efficacy of antiretroviral therapies, yet, the risk of developing neurological complications remains relatively high among patients with HIV. Thus, the 2030 HIV vision must focus on further preventive measures to protect HIV patients from developing such neurological complications.

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Section: Efforts Challenges and Research Being Taken To Overcome Obst...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological disorders in HIV: Hope despite challenges

Uwishema

Ayoub

Badri

et al. 2022

Immunity Inflam & Disease

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Segundo Sil et al, (2021), os disturbios neurocognitivos ocorrem porque apesar da ausência de infecção produtiva nos neurônios, há fatores que parecem ser a patologia subjacente de HAND (Transtorno Neurocognitivo Associado ao HIV): anormalidades neuropatológicas, incluindo dano sinaptodendrítico, disfunção neuronal e neurodegeneração no cérebro de pacientes infectados pelo HIV. Sreeram et al, (2022), diz que variações de sintomas neurocognitivos associados ao HIV como comprometimentos menos pronunciados de aprendizagem, memória e funcionamento executivo durante a TARV são observados em pessoas bem deprimidas que vivem com HIV-1.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Distúrbios Neurológicos Relacionados Ao Hiv

Calvacante,

Dos Santos,

Lopes

et al. 2024

Rev. Contemp.

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Objetivo: Descrever os distúrbios neurológicos associados ao HIV/AIDS. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo analítico, que utiliza como técnica a Revisão Integrativa da Literatura. A busca foi realizada dentro das bases de dados SCIELO e PUBMED, por meio de três descritores: “Distúrbios Neurológicos” AND “HIV” AND ‘’ENFERMAGEM”. Foram encontrados 100 artigos na totalidade nas bases de dados. Ao adicionar os critérios, os números reduziram para 51. Após a análise das pesquisas, 15 publicações foram selecionadas para compor esta pesquisa. Resultados: As manifestações neurológicas se dão por meios primários e secundários sendo as infecções oportunistas os principais fatores para acometimento do sistema nervoso. Os profissionais de saúde que trabalham com pessoas que vivem com HIV (PVHIV) devem ser regidos por práticas fundamentais de rastreio à essas complicações neurológicas associadas ao HIV. Conclusão: O decorrer do assunto levanta a importância da implementação do processo de enfermagem, sistematização e intervenções voltadas para as especificidades da doença em seu curso.

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“…So it would be wise to maintain some baseline HIV neuropathological experience as a form of quality control. There is no room here to summarise the large amount of experimental animal and cell culture work on HIV CNS pathology undertaken over the last two decades, but we expect useful insights into the neurological syndromes, their prevention, and treatment from such studies [ 25 ]…”

Section: Therapeutic Futuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical and current issues in HIV encephalitis, and the role of neuropathology in HIV disease: a pathological perspective

Lucas

2022

J Neurol

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In the 1980s, after the HIV pandemic was recognised, neuropathology identified cerebral white matter lesions that were found in the brains of infected persons with a severe irreversible dementia syndrome, this became known as ‘HIV encephalitis’. Subsequent work in Europe and north America found subtle morphological abnormalities in cerebral neurones and their connections. With the advent of effective anti-retroviral therapies after 1996, the incidence of severe HIV-related dementia declined, as did investigative tissue pathology into this HIV brain disease. Currently, the intense interest over HIV neurocognitive impairment focuses on neuroimaging, comparative blood and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, viral subtype analysis, and the search for biomarkers that correlate with brain function. Tissue neuropathology in HIV is more restricted to the diagnosis of acute disease such as opportunistic infections and tumours, and confirmation of the acute CD8 + T-cell encephalitis syndrome. But correlative tissue pathology will still be needed as newer therapeutic measures are developed to prevent and manage chronic HIV brain impairment.

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Advances in the Experimental Models of HIV-Associated Neurological Disorders

Cited by 9 publications

References 182 publications

Neurological disorders in HIV: Hope despite challenges

Neurological disorders in HIV: Hope despite challenges

Distúrbios Neurológicos Relacionados Ao Hiv

Historical and current issues in HIV encephalitis, and the role of neuropathology in HIV disease: a pathological perspective

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