Advances in the electrospark deposition coating process

Johnson, Roger N.; Sheldon, G. L.

doi:10.1116/1.573672

Cited by 116 publications

(75 citation statements)

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“…As can be seen, the coating surface is characterized as irregular and rough view, due to the globular mass transfer mechanism during the ESD process from the electrode to the substrate. This is a charac- teristic feature of the ESD process [2,3]. A molten globular droplet forms at the end of the TiCN electrode tip, and it is moved by discharge plasma channel towards the substrate surface, which leads to a "splash" appearance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method produces metallurgical bonding between the coatings and substrates, resulting in a much better coating adhesion compared to other low-energy coating processes, such as detonation-gun, plasma-spray, and electrochemical plating [1,2]. In view of the potential demand for wear-resistant coatings deposited at low substrate temperatures, it is important to study the preparation and properties of these TiCN coatings in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the process, stored energy from high voltage capacitors is discharged through an electrode of the material to be deposited. Thus, a small molten part of the material is removed from the electrode and coated to the substrate in the form of a sudden spark [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process and properties of TiC0.7N0.3-based cermet coating deposition on steel by electrospark deposition technique

Korkmaz¹,

Bakan²

2010

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Electrospark deposition (ESD) method is a promising process to produce hard and wear--resistant coatings on metallic substrates. In this study, ESD has been successfully applied to deposit TiC0.7N0.3-based cermet coatings on steel substrate. It has been possible to obtain a fully dense and strong adherent coating layer with a thickness of 20 µm. The microstructures of the deposited coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the friction and wear properties of the coatings and substrates were investigated systematically by conducting ball-on-disc sliding wear tests. The experimental results demonstrate that the wear resistance of the steel substrate, which contains a TiCN coating deposited via the ESD process, is noticeably enhanced under the dry sliding wear conditions. In addition, while the microhardness of substrate is 232 HV on average, the microhardness of the coating reaches 870 HV onto the surface. K e y w o r d s : electrospark deposition (ESD), titanium carbonitride, micro-hardness, sliding wear

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Process and properties of TiC0.7N0.3-based cermet coating deposition on steel by electrospark deposition technique

Korkmaz¹,

Bakan²

2010

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“…Since the adhesion of the Chromium Nitride coating and substrate is low therefore the wear resistance of the Chromium Nitride coating is reduced when the applied load is higher than the critical value [15]. Another kind of coatings are cermets, which have characteristics such as high hardness, high wear resistance, low friction coefficient and high corrosion resistance which have lead to their wide use in different industries [16,17]. Some examples are Cr 3 C 2 -NiCr cermet carbide coating on AISI 316 Molybdenum steel using HVOF thermal spray and TiC-Fe cermet coating on 304 stainless steel using electrical discharge coating (EDC) [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Characterization and Corrosion Resistance of 36Cr-Ni-Mo4 Steel Coated by WC-Co Cermet Electrode Using Micro-Electro Welding

Azhideh

Aghajani

Pourbagheri

2017

Metals

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Abstract:In this paper the influence of spark energy on corrosion resistance, hardness, surface roughness and morphology of WC-Co coated 36Cr-Ni-Mo4 steel by Micro-Electro Welding (MEW) was investigated. Frequencies of 5, 8 and 11 kHz, currents of 15, 25 and 35 A and duty cycles of 10, 30 and 50 % were applied for coating of the samples using a WC-Co cermet electrode. The results indicate that increasing the current, Duty cycle and frequency of the process increases spark energy. As spark energy increases, efficiency of coating increases to 80% and then decreases. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was used to identify the phases. The results indicated that other than the peaks obtained for the metallic Iron with BCC (Body Centered Cubic) structure, Tungsten Carbide, Cr 7 C 3 and Titanium Carbide phases were also seen on the surface. Vickers micro hardness method was used for hardness measurement of the samples. Surface hardness increases to 817.33 HV0.05 with spark energy increasing up to 1.03 mJ, and then reducing. Optical Microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study Microstructural and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the topography, morphology and roughness were used. Polarization technique in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution was used to evaluate the corrosion properties. The results of the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis indicate that with increasing spark energy, the amount of Tungsten in surface increases to 41.95 wt % and then decreases. As spark energy increases up to 2.17 mJ, thickness of coating increases to 8.31 µm and then decreases. As spark energy increases, surface roughness is also increased. Corrosion test results indicated that the lowest corrosion rate (2.6 × 10 −8 mpy) is related to the sample with the highest level of efficiency.

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“…In addition, if short thermal cycles (high forces, low inertias, low spindle speeds) are incorporated, intermetallic reactions can also be suppressed. ESD has been widely studied as a coating and repair process in the aerospace industry (Sheldon and Johnson, 1985;Johnson and Sheldon, 1986;Johnson, 1988;Galinov and Luban, 1996;Wand et al, 1997;Li, 1997). ESD uses a capacitor power supply to provide a series of rapid, high current pulses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Investigations of Joining Technologies for Attaching Refractory Metals to Ni-Based Superalloys

Gould

Ritzert

Loewenthal

2006

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. In this study, a range of joining technologies has been investigated for creating attachments between refractory metal and Ni-based superalloys. Refractory materials of interest include Mo-47%Re, T-111, and Ta-10%W. The Ni-based superalloys include Hastelloy X and MarM 247. During joining with conventional processes, these materials have potential for a range of solidification and intermetallic formation-related defects. For this study, three non-conventional joining technologies were evaluated. These included inertia welding, electro-spark deposition (ESD) welding, and magnetic pulse welding (MPW). The developed inertia welding practice closely paralleled that typically used for the refractory metals alloys. Metallographic investigations showed that forging during inertia welding occurred predominantly on the nickel base alloy side. It was also noted that at least some degree of forging on the refractory metal side of the joint was necessary to achieve consistent bonding. Both refractory metals were readily weldable to the Hastelloy X material. When bonding to the MarM 247, results were inconsistent. This was related to the higher forging temperatures of the MarM 247, and subsequent reduced deformation on that material during welding. ESD trials using a Hastelloy X filler were successful for all material combinations. ESD places down very thin (5-to 10-μm) layers per pass, and interactions between the substrates and the fill were limited (at most) to that layer. For the refractory metals, the fill only appeared to wet the surface, with minimal dilution effects. Microstructures of the deposits showed high weld metal integrity with maximum porosity on the order of a few percent. Some limited success was also obtained with MPW. In these trials, only the T-111 tubes were used. Joints were possible for the T-111 tube to the Hastelloy X bar stock, but the stiffness of the tube (resisting collapse) necessitated the use of very high power levels. These power levels resulted in damage to the equipment (concentrator) during welding. It is of note that the joint made showed the typical wavy bond microstructure associated with magnetic pulse/explosion bond joints. Joints were not possible between the T-111 tube and the MarM 247 bar stock. In this case, the MarM 247 shattered before sufficient impact forces could be developed for bonding.

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Advances in the electrospark deposition coating process

Cited by 116 publications

References 0 publications

Process and properties of TiC0.7N0.3-based cermet coating deposition on steel by electrospark deposition technique

Process and properties of TiC0.7N0.3-based cermet coating deposition on steel by electrospark deposition technique

Surface Characterization and Corrosion Resistance of 36Cr-Ni-Mo4 Steel Coated by WC-Co Cermet Electrode Using Micro-Electro Welding

Preliminary Investigations of Joining Technologies for Attaching Refractory Metals to Ni-Based Superalloys

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