Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Opisthorchiasis: Development of Opisthorchis viverrini Antigen Detection in Urine

Worasith, Chanika; Kamamia, Christine; Yakovleva, Anna; Duenngai, Kunyarat; Wangboon, Chompunoot; Sithithaworn, Jiraporn; Watwiengkam, Nattaya; Namwat, Nisana; Techasen, Anchalee; Loilome, Watcharin; Yongvanit, Puangrat; Loukas, Alex; Sithithaworn, Paiboon; Bethony, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0004157

Cited by 60 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…The formalin-ether concentration technique is the current gold standard diagnostic for O . viverrini infection [44], although immunological and molecular techniques to increase the sensitivity and specificity of diagnoses are being developed [34, 44]. O .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering the Pathogenic Landscape of Helminth (Opisthorchis viverrini) Infections: A Cross-Sectional Study on Contributions of Physical and Social Environment and Healthcare Interventions

et al. 2016

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BackgroundHelminth infections have proven recalcitrant to control by chemotherapy in many parts of Southeast Asia and indeed farther afield. This study isolates and examines the influence of different aspects of the physical and social environment, and uneven intervention effort contributing to the pathogenic landscape of human Opisthorchis viverrini infections.MethodologyA cross-sectional survey, involving 632 participants, was conducted in four villages in northeast Thailand to examine the impact on prevalence and parasite burden of the reservoir dam environment, socio-economic, demographic, and behavioral factors, and health center intervention efforts. Formalin-ether concentration technique was used for diagnoses, and multivariate models were used for analyses.Principal FindingsThe importance attributed to O. viverrini infections varied among health centers in the four study villages. Villages where O. viverrini infections were not prioritized by the health centers as the healthcare focus were at a higher risk of infection (prevalence) with odds ratio (risk factor) of 5.73 (3.32–10.27) and p-value < 0.01. Priority of healthcare focus, however, did not appear to influence behavior, as the consumption of raw fish, the main source of O. viverrini infections in the study area, was 11.4% higher in villages that prioritized O. viverrini infections than those that did not (p-value = 0.01). Landscape variation, notably proximity to reservoir, affects vulnerability of local population to infection. Infection intensity was higher in population located closer to the reservoir with risk ratio of 2.09 (1.12–4.02) and p-value < 0.01. Patterns of infection intensities among humans were found to match fish infection intensity, where higher infection intensities were associated with fish obtained from the reservoir waterbody type (p-value = 0.023).Conclusions/SignificanceThis study demonstrated the importance of environmental influence and healthcare focus as risk factors of infections in addition to the socio-economic, demographic, and behavioral factors commonly explored in existing studies. The reservoir was identified as a crucial source to target for opisthorchiasis intervention efforts and the need to consider infection intensity in disease control efforts was highlighted. The holistic approach in this study, which underscores the close relationship between the environment, animals, and humans in development of human infections or diseases, is an important contribution to the framework of One Health approach, where consideration of helminth diseases has largely been overlooked.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering the Pathogenic Landscape of Helminth (Opisthorchis viverrini) Infections: A Cross-Sectional Study on Contributions of Physical and Social Environment and Healthcare Interventions

et al. 2016

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“…The life cycle of this trematode is similar to C. sinensis , in which a freshwater fish acts as an intermediate and humans as the ultimate host (Sripa et al., ). Humans are infected through the ingestion of raw or insufficiently cooked fish containing trematode larvae (metacercariae) (Worasith et al., ). O. viverrini is the etiological agent of cholangiocarcinoma (a liver cancer subtype) (Sripa et al., ).…”

Section: Helminthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The routine detection method for larvae in fish is the enzymatic digestion of infected fish tissue, sedimentation, and direct microscopy techniques (Sripa et al., ). In human infections, the present gold standard for the detection of O. viverrini is the formalin ethyl‐acetate concentration (FECT) method for stool samples and the identification of parasite eggs by a direct microscopic method (Worasith et al., ).…”

Section: Helminthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ELISA has been used for measurement of O. viverrini excretory‐secretory antigens (OV‐ES Ags) in urine (urine OV‐ES assay) in the serologic identification of opisthorchiasis. The OV‐ES assay had a higher sensitivity (81%) and specificity (70%) than the FECT gold standard for the diagnosis of opisthorchiasis in urine (Worasith et al., ). It has been shown that the antibodies (IgA and IgG) against O. viverrini are present in patient's saliva as well as serum (Chaiyarit, Sithithaworn, Thuwajit, & Yongvanit, ).…”

Section: Helminthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surveillance and diagnosis of zoonotic foodborne parasites

Emameh

Purmonen

Sukura

et al. 2017

Food Science & Nutrition

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Foodborne parasites are a source of human parasitic infection. Zoonotic infections of humans arise from a variety of domestic and wild animals, including sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses, pigs, boars, bears, felines, canids, amphibians, reptiles, poultry, and aquatic animals such as fishes and shrimp. Therefore, the implementation of efficient, accessible, and controllable inspection policies for livestock, fisheries, slaughterhouses, and meat processing and packaging companies is highly recommended. In addition, more attention should be paid to the education of auditors from the quality control (QC) and assurance sectors, livestock breeders, the fishery sector, and meat inspection veterinarians in developing countries with high incidence of zoonotic parasitic infections. Furthermore, both the diagnosis of zoonotic parasitic infections by inexpensive, accessible, and reliable identification methods and the organization of effective control systems with sufficient supervision of product quality are other areas to which more attention should be paid. In this review, we present some examples of successful inspection policies and recent updates on present conventional, serologic, and molecular diagnostic methods for zoonotic foodborne parasites from both human infection and animal‐derived foods.

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“…In addition, to what extent helminth-derived cfDNA continues to be expelled in the urine after infection clearance is largely unknown and likely varies between parasite species' bodily habitat and degree of the previous infection. Excretory-secretory antigen Modified ELISA (Urine OV-ES) Assay (Worasith et al, 2015) 880 John Archer et al…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An update on non-invasive urine diagnostics for human-infecting parasitic helminths: what more could be done and how?

et al. 2019

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Parasitology cambridge.org/par Review Cite this article: Archer J, LaCourse JE, Webster BL, Stothard JRussell (2020). An update on non-invasive urine diagnostics for human-infecting parasitic helminths: what more could be done and how? Parasitology 147, 873-888. https://doi. AbstractReliable diagnosis of human helminth infection(s) is essential for ongoing disease surveillance and disease elimination. Current WHO-recommended diagnostic assays are unreliable in lowendemic near-elimination settings and typically involve the invasive, onerous and potentially hazardous sampling of bodily fluids such as stool and blood, as well as tissue via biopsy. In contrast, diagnosis by use of non-invasive urine sampling is generally painless, more convenient and low risk. It negates the need for specialist staff, can usually be obtained immediately upon request and is better accepted by patients. In some instances, urine-based diagnostic assays have also been shown to provide a more reliable diagnosis of infection when compared to traditional methods that require alternative and more invasive bodily samples, particularly in low-endemicity settings. Given these relative benefits, we identify and review current research literature to evaluate whether non-invasive urine sampling is currently exploited to its full potential in the development of diagnostic tools for human helminthiases. Though further development, assessment and validation are needed before their routine use in control programmes, low-cost, rapid and reliable assays capable of detecting transrenal helminthderived antigens and cell-free DNA show excellent promise for future use at the point-ofcare in high-, medium-and even low-endemicity elimination settings.

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Advances in the Diagnosis of Human Opisthorchiasis: Development of Opisthorchis viverrini Antigen Detection in Urine

Cited by 60 publications

References 43 publications

Uncovering the Pathogenic Landscape of Helminth (Opisthorchis viverrini) Infections: A Cross-Sectional Study on Contributions of Physical and Social Environment and Healthcare Interventions

Uncovering the Pathogenic Landscape of Helminth (Opisthorchis viverrini) Infections: A Cross-Sectional Study on Contributions of Physical and Social Environment and Healthcare Interventions

Surveillance and diagnosis of zoonotic foodborne parasites

An update on non-invasive urine diagnostics for human-infecting parasitic helminths: what more could be done and how?

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