Advances in the development of whole body computer simulation modelling of sports technique

King, Mark A.; Yeadon, Maurice R.

doi:10.1051/sm/2013048

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In the future, simulating multi-joint activities with large changes in joint kinematics is likely to benefit from using torque generators consisting of two-joint representations so that the effect of biarticular muscles is appropriately represented. The current alternative would be to use muscle-driven simulation models although these currently require a greater number of parameters of which some could not be accurately determined in a subject-specific manner and therefore the simulation model could not be evaluated appropriately (King and Yeadon, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of accounting for biarticularity in hip flexor and hip extensor joint torque representations

Lewis

Yeadon

King

2018

Human Movement Science

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Subject-specific torque-driven models have ignored biarticular effects at the hip. The aim of this study was to establish the contribution of monoarticular hip flexors and hip extensors to total hip flexor and total hip extensor joint torques for an individual and to investigate whether torque-driven simulation models should consider incorporating biarticular effects at the hip joint. Maximum voluntary isometric and isovelocity hip flexion and hip extension joint torques were measured for a single participant together with surface electromyography. Single-joint and two-joint representations were fitted to the collected torque data and used to determine the maximum voluntary joint torque capacity. When comparing two-joint and single-joint representations, the single-joint representation had the capacity to produce larger maximum voluntary hip flexion torque (larger by around 9% of maximum torque) and smaller maximum voluntary hip extension torque (smaller by around 33% of maximum torque) with the knee extended. Considering the range of kinematics found for jumping movements, the single-joint hip flexors had the capacity to produce around 10% additional torque, while the single joint hip extensors had about 70% of the capacity of the two-joint representation. Two-joint representations may overcome an over-simplification of single-joint representations by accounting for biarticular effects, while building on the strength of determining subject-specific parameters from measurements on the participant.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of accounting for biarticularity in hip flexor and hip extensor joint torque representations

Lewis

Yeadon

King

2018

Human Movement Science

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“…A four stage theoretical process was used to investigate the effect of elbow hyperextension on ball release speed in fast bowling (King and Yeadon, 2013). The model was developed, customised to an elite bowler, evaluated by comparison with the elite bowlers performance and then used to investigate the effect of elbow hyperextension on ball release speed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The robustness of the matching set of parameters was evaluated using a fourth performance by the bowler, where the matching parameters were fixed and a single simulation run (King and Yeadon, 2013). The trial with the best match was then selected to provide the initial inputs to the simulation model for all subsequent simulations.…”

Section: Evaluation Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of elbow hyperextension on ball speed in cricket fast bowling

Felton

King

2016

Journal of Sports Sciences

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This study investigates how elbow hyperextension affects ball release speed in fast bowling. A two-segment planar computer simulation model comprising an upper arm and forearm + hand was customised to an elite fast bowler. A constant torque was applied at the shoulder and elbow hyperextension was represented using a damped linear torsional spring at the elbow. The magnitude of the constant shoulder torque and the torsional spring parameters were determined by concurrently matching three performances. Close agreement was found between the simulations and the performances with an average difference of 3.8%. The simulation model with these parameter values was then evaluated using one additional performance. Optimising ball speed by varying the torsional spring parameters found that elbow hyperextension increased ball release speed. Perturbing the elbow torsional spring stiffness indicated that the increase in ball release speed was governed by the magnitude of peak elbow hyperextension and the amount that the elbow recoils back towards a straight arm after reaching peak elbow hyperextension. This finding provides a clear understanding that a bowler who hyperextends at the elbow and recoils optimally will have an increase in ball speed compared to a similar bowler who cannot hyperextend. A fast bowler with 20° of elbow hyperextension and an optimal level of recoil will have increased ball speeds of around 5% over a bowler without hyperextension.

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“…The two distinct modelling approaches have different fundamental strengths: the torque-driven approach enables a focus on the technique or movement coordination with accurate strength representation, whilst the muscle-driven model enables the investigation of individual muscle and tendon properties, but with reduced accuracy of the strength capabilities of the system [6]. An added benefit of the torque-driven approach is that the simulation model can represent a specific individual, and therefore, simulations may be evaluated against a measurable performance to assess model accuracy [7]. The evaluation of a simulation model can provide perspective on optimisations of activities yet to be performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Torque-Driven Simulation Models of Human Movement Limited by an Assumption of Monoarticularity?

2021

Self Cite

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Subject-specific torque-driven computer simulation models employing single-joint torque generators have successfully simulated various sports movements with a key assumption that the maximal torque exerted at a joint is a function of the kinematics of that joint alone. This study investigates the effect on model accuracy of single-joint or two-joint torque generator representations within whole-body simulations of squat jumping and countermovement jumping. Two eight-segment forward dynamics subject-specific rigid body models with torque generators at five joints are constructed—the first model includes lower limb torques, calculated solely from single-joint torque generators, and the second model includes two-joint torque generators. Both models are used to produce matched simulations to a squat jump and a countermovement jump by varying activation timings to the torque generators in each model. The two-joint torque generator model of squat and countermovement jumps matched measured jump performances more closely (6% and 10% different, respectively) than the single-joint simulation model (10% and 24% different, respectively). Our results show that the two-joint model performed better for squat jumping and the upward phase of the countermovement jump by more closely matching faster joint velocities and achieving comparable amounts of lower limb joint extension. The submaximal descent phase of the countermovement jump was matched with similar accuracy by the two models (9% difference). In conclusion, a two-joint torque generator representation is likely to be more appropriate for simulating dynamic tasks requiring large joint torques and near-maximal joint velocities.

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Advances in the development of whole body computer simulation modelling of sports technique

Cited by 6 publications

References 51 publications

The effect of accounting for biarticularity in hip flexor and hip extensor joint torque representations

The effect of accounting for biarticularity in hip flexor and hip extensor joint torque representations

The effect of elbow hyperextension on ball speed in cricket fast bowling

Are Torque-Driven Simulation Models of Human Movement Limited by an Assumption of Monoarticularity?

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