Advances in the Biological Functions and Mechanisms of miRNAs in the Development of Osteosarcoma

Abstract

Osteosarcoma is one of the most common primary malignant bone tumors, mainly occurring in children and adolescents, and is characterized by high morbidity and poor prognosis. MicroRNAs, a class of noncoding RNAs consisting of 19 to 25 nucleotides, are involved in cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis to regulate the development and progression of osteosarcoma. Studies have found that microRNAs are closely related to the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of osteosarcoma patients and have an important role in improving drug resistance in osteosarcoma. This paper reviews the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma and their clinical value, aiming to provide a new research direction for diagnosing and treating osteosarcoma and achieving a better prognosis.

MiRNA encoded PTEN’s Impact on Clinical-Pathological Features and Prognosis in Osteosarcoma: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…This inhibition prevents cells from entering the S phase and correlates with the down-regulation of RB protein phosphorylation levels [17]. PTEN down-regulation has been documented in various malignant tissues such as glioma, endometrial cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer [8,18,19]. Previous investigations into the impact of PTEN expression on OSC patient prognosis yielded conflicting results.…”

Advances in Osteosarcoma

“…OS are the most prevalent malignant bone tumors in adolescents and young adults [ 4 – 9 ]. OS are mainly located in the metaphysis of long bones, especially the distal femur, proximal tibia, and humerus [ 4 , 7 , 9 ]. They derive from primitive mesenchymal cells and are characterized by immature osteoid extracellular matrix formation related to bone resorption mediated by activated osteoclasts [ 4 , 6 – 10 ].…”

“…OS cells grow in a permissive local microenvironment which modulates their behavior and facilitates all steps in tumor development (e.g., proliferation/quiescence, invasion/migration, drug resistance) [ 4 , 13 – 15 ] and contributes to their intrinsic heterogeneity [ 16 , 17 ••]. The lung parenchyma is the most common metastatic site in OS, and metastatic foci are frequently associated with a poor clinical outcome [ 7 , 9 , 18 ].…”

“…The conventional treatment for OS is based on a sequential approach that combines chemotherapy and surgery [ 4 ]. Due to the particular radioresistance of OS, radiotherapy is only proposed for tumors in high-risk locations, or to reduce the risk of recurrence after surgery [ 7 – 9 , 18 – 20 ]. Despite the increase in clinical trials in the last 4 decades, cure rates for OS have not improved.…”

Engineered biomaterial delivery strategies are used to reduce cardiotoxicity in osteosarcoma

“…In the US, approximately 4.4 patients per million children and adolescents have OS ( Longhi et al, 2006 ). OS originates from mesenchymal stem cells and occurs in the long diaphyseal epiphysis in children and adolescents, more commonly in the distal femur, proximal tibia, and humerus ( Brown et al, 2018 ; Dong et al, 2022 ). OS is highly aggressive and often causes pathological fractures and excruciating pain ( Franchi, 2012 ).…”