Advances in Taxonomy of Genus Phoma: Polyphyletic Nature and Role of Phenotypic Traits and Molecular Systematics

Abstract

Phoma is a highly polyphyletic genus with its unclear species boundaries. The conventional system of identification is functional but it has its limitations. Besides morphological studies, chemotaxonomy, secondary metabolite and protein profiling have been assessed for the classification and identification of these fungi. Molecular datasets have provided a better outlook towards the phylogenetic and evolutionary trends of Phoma. Molecular markers such as ITS-rDNA, tubulin, actin, translation elongation factor have been widely used by the taxonomists to demarcate species. However, outcomes gained up till now represent preliminary step towards the study of Phoma systematics and a combined approach would be beneficial in the understanding of this polyphyletic group members. Lately, on the base of molecular phylogeny of the type species of the seven Phoma sections a new teleomorph family, Didymellaceae has been established, besides the Phaeosphaeriaceae related to sect. Paraphoma anamorphs, and the Leptosphaeriaceae to sect. Heterospora anamorphs. The estimated ratio is about 70 % of the recognized Phoma-like species can be associated with the Didymellaceae ascomycetous family.

Interactive physiological potential of Peyronellaea curtisii (=Phoma narcissi) strains for enzymatic attack and defence capabilities against phytoalexins

“…The colony morphology and microscopic structures of the five strains analysed in this work confirmed (with a caution) their membership in the Peyronellaea curtisii. As recently emphasized (e.g., Aveskamp et al 2010;Rai et al 2014), a multi-gene approach combined with morphological and physiological traits (secondary metabolites, isozymes) is necessary to solve the phylogeny of Phoma s.l., including Peyronellaea.…”

“…Nevertheless, several physiological characters seem to be helpful in the delimitation of species within Phoma/Peyronellaea spp. e.g., the utilisation of different carbon sources, the activity of selected enzymes or pigment production (Monte et al 1991;Rai et al 2014). Thus, to some extent, identification must be performed based on the physiological and pathogenic properties of fungal species.…”

Characterization and identification of naturally transgenic species Linaria vulgaris pathogenic mycromycetes

“…Они относятся к изолятам, выделенным с разных растений-хозяев и из различных географических точек. Хотя для фомоидных микроми-цетов принято считать, что взаимосвязи между расте-нием-хозяином и родством его заражающих патогенов не существует [25], на нашем древе обнаружены не-которые моменты, которые трудно считать случайны-ми. Так, несмотря на то, что изоляты, выделенные с Plantaginaceae, распределены по всему древу, тем не менее есть группа наиболее вирулентных в отношении льнянки патогенов, которая образует общую ветвь на древе.…”

First Report of Leaf Spot Disease in Angelica dahurica Caused by Phoma bellidis in China

“…; Rai et al. ). However, physiological characteristics also have drawbacks as the production of these secondary metabolites can be affected by various factors, including environmental conditions, temperature and pH (Guarro et al.…”

“…It consists of over 200 known species that occur all over the world (Rai et al. ). A morphological study serves as a basis for its preliminary level of identification (De Gruyter et al.…”