Advances in surfactants for agrochemicals

Abstract

Pesticide efficacy is improved by surfactants. Increase in the foliar uptake is particularly useful for herbicides, growth regulators and defoliants, because less active compounds are needed, thus decreasing cost and pollution. Therefore, the choice of the adjuvant in an agrochemical formulation is crucial. The surfactants commonly used as adjuvants include anionic, non-ionic, amphoteric and cationic surfactants. This review analyses the role and properties of the new adjuvants for agriculture and the improvement of the ecotoxicity profile of the pesticide formulations in glyphosate formulation.

Influence of adjuvants on the dissipation of fenpropimorph, pyrimethanil, chlorpyrifos and lindane on the solid/gas interface

“…Additionally, the degradation rate on plant surfaces (photolytic and chemical stability) and the uptake into leaves can influence volatilisation. The effect of pesticide formulations on sorption and uptake has been studied extensively (De Ruiter et al, 2003;Liu, 2004;Forster et al, 2006;Wang and Liu, 2007;Castro et al, 2014). Dissipation from the leaf surface occurs mainly by penetration into the plant, (photo)-degradation and volatilisation (Garau et al, 2002;Carlsen et al, 2006).…”

Vectorizing agrochemicals: enhancing bioavailability via carrier‐mediated transport

“…This is a complex route due to the variability of the cuticular composition, which can depend on many parameters, such as species, stage of development, or certain environmental conditions. This subject has already been extensively discussed elsewhere and the reader will thus be able to refer to several reviews …”

Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide (CTAB) Micelles and their Interactions with a Gold Surface in Aqueous Solution

“…1,2 These are remarkably versatile compounds with a broad variety of important applications in the pharmaceutical, medical, and food industries and for nanomaterial synthesis. 3,4 Above a certain temperature in solution (the Krafft temperature), surfactants tend to aggregate to minimize unfavorable interactions between the surfactants and the surrounding environment. 5 The minimum concentration required for surfactant aggregation is defined as the critical micellar concentration (CMC), and most of the characteristics of these aggregates are controlled by factors such as the solvent type, chemical structure of the surfactant, and solution conditions (e.g., concentration, temperature, presence of additives, and ionic strength).…”