Advances in Structured and Microstructured Catalytic Reactors for Hydrogen Production

Sánz, Oihane; Echave, F.J.; Romero-Sarria, Francisca; Odriozola, J.A.; Montes, Mario

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-56352-1.00009-x

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 199 publications

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“…Catalysts for WGS reaction prepared on metallic monoliths are another attractive opportunity for realization of this process in hydrogen fuel processors. Metallic monoliths have important advantages over ceramic materials, one of the most favorable being a greater mechanical strength and a higher thermal conductivity (Sanz et al, 2013). González-Castaño et al (2016) have compared the WGS performance of Au and Pt supported on Fe-doped ceria in the form of powder or structured catalysts.…”

Section: Recent Achievements In the Field Of Gold-catalyzed Wgs Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Design of Gold-Based Catalysts for H2 Clean-Up Reactions

Tabakova

2019

Front. Chem.

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Over the past three decades, supported gold nanoparticles have demonstrated outstanding properties and continue to attract the interest of the scientific community. Several books and comprehensive reviews as well as numerous papers cover a variety of fundamental and applied aspects specific to gold-based catalyst synthesis, characterization by different techniques, relationship among catalyst support features, electronic and structural properties of gold particles, and catalytic activity, reaction mechanism, and theoretical modeling. Among the Au-catalyzed reactions targeting environmental protection and sustainable energy applications, particular attention is paid to pure hydrogen production. The increasing demands for high-purity hydrogen for fuel cell systems caused a renewed interest in the water–gas shift reaction. This well-known industrial process provides an attractive way for hydrogen generation and additional increase of its concentration in the gas mixtures obtained by processes utilizing coal, petroleum, or biomass resources. An effective step for further elimination of CO traces from the reformate stream after water–gas shift unit is the preferential CO oxidation. Developing highly active, stable, and selective catalysts for these two reactions is of primary importance for efficient upgrading of hydrogen purity in fuel cell applications. This review aims to extend the existing knowledge and understanding of the properties of gold-based catalysts for H 2 clean-up reactions. In particular, new approaches and strategies for design of high-performing and cost-effective formulations are addressed. Emphasis is placed on efforts to explore appropriate and economically viable supports with complex composition prepared by various synthesis procedures. Relevance of ceria application as a support for new-generation WGS catalysts is pointed out. The role of the nature of support in catalyst behavior and specifically the existence of an active gold–support interface is highlighted. Long-term stability and tolerance toward start-up/shutdown cycling are discussed. Very recent advances in catalyst design are described focusing on structured catalysts and microchannel reactors. The latest mechanistic aspects of the water–gas shift reaction and preferential CO oxidation over gold-based catalysts from density functional theory calculations are noted because of their essential role in discovering novel highly efficient catalysts.

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Section: Recent Achievements In the Field Of Gold-catalyzed Wgs Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Design of Gold-Based Catalysts for H2 Clean-Up Reactions

Tabakova

2019

Front. Chem.

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“…Metals are highly attractive due to their high heat transfer coefficient and several cases, including alloys, have tested up to now. Most of the metallic monolithic structures developed so far are built out of Al-alloyed ferritic stainless steels foils [120][121][122][123][124][125]. However, the almost universal utilization of this alloy within the catalytic community is their use at temperatures well below the optimum service temperature and under hydrogen and carbon-rich atmospheres, resulting in migration of alloy elements to the catalytic layer, brattling its joining to the wall of the structured reactor [122,126].…”

Section: The Use Of Structured Reactors For the Sabatier Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policies and Motivations for the CO2 Valorization through the Sabatier Reaction Using Structured Catalysts. A Review of the Most Recent Advances

et al. 2018

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The current scenario where the effects of global warming are more and more evident, has motivated different initiatives for facing this, such as the creation of global policies with a clear environmental guideline. Within these policies, the control of Greenhouse Gase (GHG) emissions has been defined as mandatory, but for carrying out this, a smart strategy is proposed. This is the application of a circular economy model, which seeks to minimize the generation of waste and maximize the efficient use of resources. From this point of view, CO2 recycling is an alternative to reduce emissions to the atmosphere, and we need to look for new business models which valorization this compound which now must be considered as a renewable carbon source. This has renewed the interest in known processes for the chemical transformation of CO2 but that have not been applied at industrial level because they do not offer evident profitability. For example, the methane produced in the Sabatier reaction has a great potential for application, but this depends on the existence of a sustainable supply of hydrogen and a greater efficiency during the process that allows maximizing energy efficiency and thermal control to maximize the methane yield. Regarding energy efficiency and thermal control of the process, the use of structured reactors is an appropriate strategy. The evolution of new technologies, such as 3D printing, and the consolidation of knowledge in the structing of catalysts has enabled the use of these reactors to develop a wide range of possibilities in the field. In this sense, the present review presents a brief description of the main policies that have motivated the transition to a circular economy model and within this, to CO2 recycling. This allows understanding, why efforts are being focused on the development of different reactions for CO2 valorization. Special attention to the case of the Sabatier reaction and in the application of structured reactors for such process is paid.

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“…Additionally, the micro reformer can reduce multi-stages requirement in hydrogen production system (evaporator, heat exchanger, separator, etc.) by combining several stages in a single unit [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%