“…9 Research has shown that auxin synthesis under embryogenic conditions is a crucial signal for cell fate. 10 The synthetic auxin 2,4-D has successfully induced embryogenic competence in somatic cells of various plant species, making it a widely recognized method. [11] , [12] The application of exogenous 2,4-D can influence plant growth through both direct and indirect mechanisms, potentially by increasing endogenous auxin levels.…”