Advances in Sensing, Response and Regulation Mechanism of Salt Tolerance in Rice

Abstract

Soil salinity is a serious menace in rice production threatening global food security. Rice responses to salt stress involve a series of biological processes, including antioxidation, osmoregulation or osmoprotection, and ion homeostasis, which are regulated by different genes. Understanding these adaptive mechanisms and the key genes involved are crucial in developing highly salt-tolerant cultivars. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in rice—from sensing to transcriptional regulation of key genes—based on the current knowledge. Furthermore, we highlight the functionally validated salt-responsive genes in rice.

Combining Genome and Gene Co-expression Network Analyses for the Identification of Genes Potentially Regulating Salt Tolerance in Rice

“…Beyond this region, −251 to −2,000 bp, 12 more MYC binding sites are found. The MYB transcription factor was also reported for water stress and salt stress regulation (review; Ponce et al, 2021). Five MYB binding sites are located in the putative regulatory sequence of OsBTBZ1 gene.…”

Post-translational regulation of the membrane transporters contributing to salt tolerance in plants

“…Overall, the collective reports support the premise that cross-talk between hormone and stress signalling networks plays an important role in plant stress response in which MOCA1 could be playing an important role. In all probability, it appears that the Na + sensing mechanism works intracellular when Na + enters through the HKTs and NASCs into the cytoplasm, which of course has not been elaborated so far (Ponce et al 2021). The suggestion of the intracellular sensing of Na + level is primarily based on the increase in the cytosolic level of Ca 2+ in plants under salt stress (Gupta and Shaw 2021a) needs further experimental support.…”

“…These include reviews mainly providing information on Na + and K + transport, ion relation and tissue tolerance (Møller and Tester 2007;Munns and Tester 2008;Roy et al 2014;Munns et al 2016;Almeida et al 2017;van Zelm et al 2020;Zhao et al 2020;Chen et al 2021) and osmolyte accumulation and osmotic adjustment (Roy et al 2014;Munns et al 2020;Zhao et al 2020;Chen et al 2021) along with molecular understanding of the process. Several reviews also provide information on the genes involved in salt stress sensing, response and signalling and their transcription regulation (Osakabe et al 2013;Hanin et al 2016;Almeida et al 2017;Ismail and Horie 2017;van Zelm et al 2020;Zhao et al 2020;Chen et al 2021;Ponce et al 2021). Studies of functional analysis of genes involved in salt tolerance and molecular breeding and genetic manipulation of plants for salt tolerance have also been reviewed (Møller and Tester 2007;Roy et al 2014;Hanin et al 2016;Ismail and Horie 2017;van Zelm et al 2020;Chen et al 2021).…”

Rapid Identification of QTL for Mesocotyl Length in Rice Through Combining QTL-seq and Genome-Wide Association Analysis

“…Compared with traditional biparental linkage mapping, GWAS provides a more representative gene pool because all the historical meiotic events can be counted from a diverse panel and is an efficient tool that bypasses the time and expand to the developing population ( Flint-Garcia et al, 2003 ; Breseghello and Sorrells, 2006 ; Zhu et al, 2008 ). Now, GWAS has been adopted to investigate a range of complex traits in crops, including disease resistance ( Liu et al, 2017 ; Resende et al, 2017 ; Prodhomme et al, 2020 ), grain quality ( Yang et al, 2020 ), yield-related traits ( Meng et al, 2016 ), salt tolerance ( Zhang et al, 2020 ; Ponce et al, 2021 ), and microelements ( Chen et al, 2019 ; Liu et al, 2020 ).…”