Advances in Root System Architecture: Functionality, Plasticity, and Research Methods

Zhang, Zhiyong; Bao-min, Fan; Chen, Song; Zhang, Xiaoxian; Qing-wen, Zhao; Bing, Ye

doi:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2023.01.002

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…2D or (2D + time series) methods such as rhizotrons or minirhizotrons allow time-series data to be collected, which allows for incremental growth, growth habits, and other underground growth activity such as nodulation and mycorrhizal activity to be observed [ 28 ]. While noninvasive, field direct 3D techniques such as ground-penetrating radar measurements of fine root materials and root hairs are not possible because of the technology's lack of resolution [ 29 ]. However, the use of other sensors such as electromagnetic resistance, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [ 30 ], positron emission tomography (PET) [ 27 ], x-ray computed tomography (x-ray CT) [ 31 ], and neutron tomography (NT) [ 32 ] have been successful in greenhouse and laboratory environments.…”

Section: Root Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The State of the Art in Root System Architecture Image Analysis Using Artificial Intelligence: A Review

Weihs,

Heuschele,

Tang

et al. 2024

Plant Phenomics

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Roots are essential for acquiring water and nutrients to sustain and support plant growth and anchorage. However, they have been studied less than the aboveground traits in phenotyping and plant breeding until recent decades. In modern times, root properties such as morphology and root system architecture (RSA) have been recognized as increasingly important traits for creating more and higher quality food in the “Second Green Revolution”. To address the paucity in RSA and other root research, new technologies are being investigated to fill the increasing demand to improve plants via root traits and overcome currently stagnated genetic progress in stable yields. Artificial intelligence (AI) is now a cutting-edge technology proving to be highly successful in many applications, such as crop science and genetic research to improve crop traits. A burgeoning field in crop science is the application of AI to high-resolution imagery in analyses that aim to answer questions related to crops and to better and more speedily breed desired plant traits such as RSA into new cultivars. This review is a synopsis concerning the origins, applications, challenges, and future directions of RSA research regarding image analyses using AI.

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Section: Root Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The State of the Art in Root System Architecture Image Analysis Using Artificial Intelligence: A Review

Weihs,

Heuschele,

Tang

et al. 2024

Plant Phenomics

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“…Root system architecture (RSA) refers to the spatial distribution structure and extension form of plant roots in soil [17], including two-dimensional plane geometry and three-dimensional geometry. RSA includes root distribution, and the planar geometric configuration refers to the distribution of various roots of the same root system along the root axis in a two-dimensional plane.…”

Section: Root Morphology and Nitrogen Absorption And Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Root hairs are the main part of the root system that absorbs nutrients, such as nitrogen [17], phosphorus [37][38][39], and potassium [40]. Long and dense root hairs increase the absorption surface area.…”

Section: Lateral Root and Root Hairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress in Crop Root Biology and Nitrogen Uptake and Use, with Emphasis on Cereal Crops

Wang

Sun

Cai³

et al. 2023

Agronomy

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The biological characteristics of crop roots are closely related to the efficient utilization of nitrogen and have become a research hotspot in agricultural cultivation and breeding in recent years. The root system and root microbiota play a crucial role in both the basic and the plastic growth and development of plants in response to external environmental changes. Nitrogen is an indispensable nutrient element for crop growth, and the efficient utilization of nitrogen is the key to achieving the high yield and quality of crops and establishing environmentally friendly agricultural production. The nitrogen absorbed and utilized by rice mainly enters the aboveground part of the plant through the root system from within the soil. This process is explored from the perspective of root biology (root morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, root growth and development process and regulation, rhizosphere microorganisms, and their symbiotic systems), which is in line with the directions of “less investment, increased production, environmental protection, and sustainable development” in China. Based on the research status in this field at present, this article explored the interaction mechanism between crop root biology and nitrogen absorption and utilization, and looks forward to the future research directions for root biology. This study provides a theoretical basis for reducing nitrogen fertilizer application, optimizing nitrogen-efficient cultivation management techniques, and selecting nitrogen-efficient varieties.

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Advances in Root System Architecture: Functionality, Plasticity, and Research Methods

Cited by 2 publications

References 82 publications

The State of the Art in Root System Architecture Image Analysis Using Artificial Intelligence: A Review

The State of the Art in Root System Architecture Image Analysis Using Artificial Intelligence: A Review

Research Progress in Crop Root Biology and Nitrogen Uptake and Use, with Emphasis on Cereal Crops

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