Advances in Roles of Salicylic Acid in Plant Tolerance Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

Abstract

A multitude of biotic and abiotic stress factors do harm to plants by bringing about diseases and inhibiting normal growth and development. As a pivotal signaling molecule, salicylic acid (SA) plays crucial roles in plant tolerance responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses, thereby maintaining plant normal growth and improving yields under stress. In view of this, this paper mainly discusses the role of SA in both biotic and abiotic stresses of plants. SA regulates the expression of genes involved in defense signaling pathways, thus enhancing plant immunity. In addition, SA mitigates the negative effects of abiotic stresses, and acts as a signaling molecule to induce the expression of stress-responsive genes and the synthesis of stress-related proteins. In addition, SA also improves certain yield-related photosynthetic indexes, thereby enhancing crop yield under stress. On the other hand, SA acts with other signaling molecules, such as jasmonic acid (JA), auxin, ethylene (ETH), and so on, in regulating plant growth and improving tolerance under stress. This paper reviews recent advances in SA’s roles in plant stress tolerance, so as to provide theoretical references for further studies concerning the decryption of molecular mechanisms for SA’s roles and the improvement of crop management under stress.

Whole Genome Duplication Events Likely Contributed to the Aquatic Adaptive Evolution of Parkerioideae

“…In both WGD event #2 and event #3, the possible responses to the low oxygen concentrations of aquatic habitats were found, such as the “glycolytic process” and “cellular response to acetate” in WGD event #2, and the “alcohol metabolic process“ and “aldehyde dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] activity“ in WGD event #3 ( Figure 3 a) [ 46 ]. In addition to the metabolic, transport, and regulation process of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, those of the stress-related compounds were also enriched, such as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and thiamine in both WGD event #2 and event #3, brassinosteroid and vitamin E in WGD event #2, and phenylpropanoid in WGD event #3 ( Figure 3 a) [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. More interestingly, we found some functional terms associated with circadian rhythm and cell cycle in both WGD event #2 and event #3, such as “positive regulation of cyclin-dependent protein kinase activity” ( Figure 3 a).…”

Contribution of Antioxidant System Components to the Long-Term Physiological and Protective Effect of Salicylic Acid on Wheat under Salinity Conditions

“…Salicylic acid (SA), a phytohormone of phenolic nature, plays a fundamental role in regulating plant growth and development. A review of the literature data confirms the effectiveness of seed priming with SA in increasing the resistance of wheat to various stresses [ 4 , 6 , 12 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. In previous research, we determined that a concentration of 50 µM SA had a stimulating and protective effect on wheat plants [ 26 ].…”

Manganese with Salicylic Acid Optimize the Growth Dynamics and Quality Potential in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

“…Stomatal cell conductance's regulatory role helps maintain an optimal level of relative water content in leaves. In addition, the application of salicylic acid has been shown to enhance the stability and integrity of plant membranes, which may lead to improved water retention 47 . The rise in relative water content can be attributed to an increase in cytoplasmic osmotic pressure caused by the production of higher amounts of proline (osmolytes), which helps in the absorption of water in unfavourable conditions 48 .…”