Advances in Research oncis-9, trans-11 Conjugated Linoleic Acid: A Major Functional Conjugated Linoleic Acid Isomer

Abstract

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) consists of a group of positional and geometric conjugated isomers of linoleic acid. Since the identification of CLA as a factor that can inhibit mutagenesis and carcinogenesis, thousands of studies have been conducted in the last several decades. Among the many isomers discovered, cis-9, trans-11 CLA is the most intensively studied because of its multiple, isomer-specific effects in humans and animals. This paper provides an overview of the available data on cis-9, trans-11 CLA, including its isomer-specific effects, biosynthesis, in vivo/in vitro research models, quantification, and the factors influencing its content in ruminant products.

Modulation of inflammation and immunity by dietary conjugated linoleic acid

“…1) (Wallace et al, 2007). Such percentages contrast with chemically synthesized and commercial preparations of CLA, which usually contain equal proportions of the two abundant isomers cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 (Parodi, 1997;Sebedio et al, 1999;Wang and Lee, 2013).…”

“…Moreover, individual CLA isomers can result in differential effects, and the effect of variable isomer concentrations in CLA mixtures are difficult to predict (Khan and Vanden Heuvel, 2003). For instance, t-10, c-12-CLA is involved in catabolic processes of increased lipolysis and fat oxidation, whereas c-9, t-11-CLA seems to be the active anabolic agent and is predominantly anti-inflammatory (Wang and Lee, 2013). Both isomers seem to have anti-carcinogenic properties, although they are thought to be mediated by different effects on lipid metabolism, oncogene regulation and modulation of apoptosis (Kelley et al, 2007).…”

Effects of season on the quality of Garfagnina goat milk

“…Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FAs) are involved in the development of brain and retinal tissues and in the progression and prevention of human pathologies, including heart disease and some cancers (Blondeau 2016). Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been reported to reduce the risk of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and obesity, as well as boosting the immune system (Wang & Lee 2015;Hennessy et al 2016).…”

Sheep Milk: Physicochemical Characteristics and Relevance for Functional Food Development

“…Moreover, the cis-9, trans-11 CLA accounts for approximately 78% of the polyunsaturated fatty acids and 2% of the total fatty acids in sheep milk yogurt. The CLA exhibits interesting activity from a physiological point of view, including antiobesity, anticarcinogenic, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and immunoregulatory effects (Rodríguez-Alcalá and others 2011; Yuan and others 2014;Wang and Lee 2015).…”