Advances in research of fish immune-relevant genes: A comparative overview of innate and adaptive immunity in teleosts

Zhu, Lv‐yun; Nie, Li; Zhu, Guangxi; Xiang, Lei; Shao, Jian-zhong

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2012.04.001

Cited by 408 publications

(189 citation statements)

References 342 publications

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“…Dramatic upregulation of IL-15 could be detected in different tissues after LPS administration and in skin, brain, liver and muscle after stimulation with concanavalin A. The results indicate that IL-15 is biologically relevant to teleost fish adaptive immune response [350].…”

Section: Genetic Studies In Fish Skinmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…This finding indicates that pufferfish IL-21 is an inflammatory-related gene associated with antibacterial defence [350].…”

Section: Genetic Studies In Fish Skinmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…IL-1b gene 1 is significantly expressed in many tissues (liver, head kidney, spleen, intestine, and muscle, but minimally in stomach, brain, and ovary) and skin of pufferfish. IL-1 is an important early response proinflammatory cytokine that mediates immune regulation in both innate and adaptive immunity, and it could be secreted by monocytes, activated macrophages, granulocytes, endothelial cells, activated T lymphocytes, and many other cell types [350]. Pufferfish IL-15 is constitutively and widely expressed at low levels.…”

Section: Genetic Studies In Fish Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of the Immunological Defenses in Fish Skin

2012

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The vertebrate immune system is comprised of numerous distinct and interdependent components. Every component has its own inherent protective value, and the final combination of them is likely to be related to an animal's immunological history and evolutionary development. Vertebrate immune system consists of both systemic and mucosal immune compartments, but it is the mucosal immune system which protects the body from the first encounter of pathogens. According to anatomical location, the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, in teleost fish is subdivided into gut-, skin-, and gill-associated lymphoid tissue and most available studies focus on gut. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the current knowledge of the immunological defences present in skin mucosa as a very important part of the fish immune system, serving as an anatomical and physiological barrier against external hazards. Interest in defence mechanism of fish arises from a need to develop health management tools to support a growing finfish aquaculture industry, while at the same time addressing questions concerning origins and evolution of immunity in vertebrates. Increased knowledge of fish mucosal immune system will facilitate the development of novel vaccination strategies in fish.

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Section: Genetic Studies In Fish Skinmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…This finding indicates that pufferfish IL-21 is an inflammatory-related gene associated with antibacterial defence [350].…”

Section: Genetic Studies In Fish Skinmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Genetic Studies In Fish Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of the Immunological Defenses in Fish Skin

2012

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“…Eight cysteine residues forming four disulfide bridges in the mature peptide region are well conserved at identical positions in most fish hepcidins. However, hepcidins with four, six, and seven cysteine residues also exist in fish [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two hepcidins from spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) possess antibacterial and antiviral functions in vitro

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2016

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a small nonmammalian vertebrate model organism, with humoral and cellular components of the innate and adaptive immune systems similar to those of humans (21)(22)(23)(24). Mycobacterium marinum, a close relative of M. tuberculosis, is a natural zebrafish pathogen and causes a mycobacterial disease, which shares the main pathological and histological features of human TB (25,26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin FurinA Regulates Zebrafish Host Response against Mycobacterium marinum

et al. 2015

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Tuberculosis is a chronic bacterial disease with a complex pathogenesis. An effective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis requires both the innate and adaptive immune responses, including proper T helper (Th) type 1 cell function. FURIN is a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin (PCSK) enzyme, which is highly expressed in Th1 type cells. FURIN expression in T cells is essential for maintaining peripheral immune tolerance, but its role in the innate immunity and infections has remained elusive. Here, we utilized Mycobacterium marinum infection models in zebrafish (Danio rerio) to investigate how furin regulates host responses against mycobacteria. In steady-state furinA td204e/؉ fish reduced furinA mRNA levels associated with low granulocyte counts and elevated Th cell transcription factor expressions. Silencing furin genes reduced the survival of M. marinuminfected zebrafish embryos. A mycobacterial infection upregulated furinA in adult zebrafish, and infected furinA td204e/؉ mutants exhibited a proinflammatory phenotype characterized by elevated tumor necrosis factor a (tnfa), lymphotoxin alpha (lta) and interleukin 17a/f3 (il17a/f3) expression levels. The enhanced innate immune response in the furinA td204e/؉ mutants correlated with a significantly decreased bacterial burden in a chronic M. marinum infection model. Our data show that upregulated furinA expression can serve as a marker for mycobacterial disease, since it inhibits early host responses and consequently promotes bacterial growth in a chronic infection.T uberculosis (TB) is an epidemic infectious disease caused by the mycobacterial species Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1, 2). Circa 13% of the individuals with active TB were simultaneous carriers of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and almost one-third of TB-associated deaths occurred among HIV ϩ patients, demonstrating the critical role of cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4 ϩ ) T lymphocyte-mediated immunity in the control of M. tuberculosis infection (3, 4). More specifically, the adaptive immunity against TB is primarily mediated by T helper (Th) type 1 cells, as is suggested by the gene expression profile upon infection (5), as well as the infection-induced mortality of gamma interferon-deficient (6, 7) and interleukin-12 (IL-12)-deficient (8) mice.The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin (PCSK) enzymes are a family of serine endoproteases with nine members in humans: PCSK1 and -2, FURIN, PCSK4 to -7, membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase site 1 (MBTPS1), and PCSK9 (9). Typically, PCSKs convert precursor proteins (proproteins) into their biologically active forms by cleaving them at specific target motifs made up of the basic amino acids lysine and arginine (9, 10). FURIN was the first identified mammalian PCSK and is present in vertebrates and many invertebrates (11,12). A series of in vitro experiments have suggested a central role for FURIN in host defense because it proteolytically activates several immunoregulatory proproteins, such as membrane-inserted matrix metallo...

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Advances in research of fish immune-relevant genes: A comparative overview of innate and adaptive immunity in teleosts

Cited by 408 publications

References 342 publications

An Overview of the Immunological Defenses in Fish Skin

An Overview of the Immunological Defenses in Fish Skin

Two hepcidins from spotted scat (Scatophagus argus) possess antibacterial and antiviral functions in vitro

The Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin FurinA Regulates Zebrafish Host Response against Mycobacterium marinum

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