Advances in Quantum Properties of Graphene and Derivatives Applied to Functional Nanomaterials and Metamaterials

Abstract

In the present work we describe the most important quantum properties of graphene and derivatives recently published. We discuss how these properties were incorporated into varied hybrid materials such as substrates for specific tuning of matter to track varied quantum signals. Their potential applications were analyzed from nanomaterial and nanotechnology. In particular graphene, its derivatives and other carbon-based allotropes were chosen due to their special chemical structure and properties from the nanoscale to larger lengths, according to specific applications. As expected, these carbon-based and related materials’ highly ordered and condensed electronic configuration showed particular electronic properties below the nanoscale. Thus, we discussed the generation of pseudo-electromagnetic fields and conduction bands. This particular property could also interact with different quantized energy levels and quantum properties, such as those focused on: i) Dirac electron interaction and conduction, ii) anomalous quantized hall effects, iii) magnetic effects, iv) excitons, v) polaron generations, d vi) Fermi and Landau levels. These different phenomena were discussed about the particular topological states of graphene by tuning their 3D chemical structures. Therefore, quantum phenomena and their possible modifications such as quantum interference, potential improvements and encrypted signal transduction were considered for applications.

Modified Organized Systems by Incorporation of Carbon Allotropes and Derivatives for Electron Shuttle, ET, FRET, MEF, and Quantum Biology Coupling

“…In addition, in the interior of the vesicle, there is a free volume as a container that could be filled [39]. So, there is a large variety of strategies and possibilities to generate new nanostructures based on organic compounds with high impact within fundamental research towards real applications such as within nanophotonics [40], green photonics uses [41], biophotonics and nanomedicine [42].…”

“…In this manner, it was intended to show and discuss how carbon based materials such as highly conjugated molecules towards graphene quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and highersized chemical structures such as graphene layers, multi-layered graphene, etc. So, it is proposed to prototype new materials highlighting the use of soft matter bottom-up up on needs and Research aims due to there are exciting perspectives within life sciences [59] as well as high technology perspectives [60]. And it was showed how intrinsic properties could be modified by their close Optical active surrounding, as well as by changing the polarity of the media, and by this manner participating in varied processes that in absence of them the performances were below expectations.…”

“…Moreover, it was noted quantum emissions from graphene quantum dots [6], the generation of pseudo-electromagnetic fields [7], augmented conductions of electrons and photons within hybrid materials [8], and by this manner, developments of Nano-Optics and Optical lenses within a wide interval of electromagnetic wavelengths [9]. Similarly, other Carbon allotropes such as fullerenes [10], diamonds [11], carbon nanotubes [12], and modified chemical structures [13] showed important Optoelectronic and quantum properties [14]. All these materials showed different properties that could be used later to improve new materials and properties.…”

Versatile Surface Chemistry of Carbon-Based Nanoplatforms by Covalent Bonding, Non-Covalent Linking, Crosslinking, and Self-Assembling

“…In this manner, the variable chemical strategies for grafting polymers onto carbon nanotubes or their incorporation, such as carbon nanotubes within polymer substrates, could provide different optoelectronic properties. Thus, by embedding other intercalant agents, electron shuttle molecules, and semi-conductive materials, new properties that could be considered in many cases, such as metamaterials, could be tuned [40].…”

Multimodal Spectroscopy Assays for Advanced Nano-Optics Approaches by Tuning Nano-Tool Surface Chemistry and Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence

“…In this manner, the nanophotonics produced, for example, by confined laser dyes within the nanoscale could result in different photophysics and applications [6]. Moreover, confined matter could produce quantum emitters, generating the well-known quantum dots, with different technological applications in comparison to other matter compositions [7].…”