Advances in Purification, Modification, and Application of Extracellular Vesicles for Novel Clinical Treatments

Matsuzaka, Yasunari; Yashiro, Ryu

doi:10.3390/membranes12121244

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 332 publications

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“…Exosomes are sequentially formed via the endosomal pathway (Figure 1), which includes the early sorting endosome (ESE), late sorting endosome (LSE), and finally, the multivesicular bodies (MVBs) that fuse with the cell membrane and are released [14]. Exosomes have a lipid bilayer membrane consisting of glycerol diacids, phospholipids, glycerophospholipids, polyglycerophospholipids, cholesterol, and sphingolipids, which are more rigid than the plasma membrane, ensuring the stability of exosomes in the external environment [14,33].…”

Section: Biogenesis and Composition Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Exosomes in the Pathogenesis and Theranostic of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease

Wang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are the most common neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) threatening the lives of millions of people worldwide, including especially elderly people. Currently, due to the lack of a timely diagnosis and proper intervention strategy, AD and PD largely remain incurable. Innovative diagnosis and therapy are highly desired. Exosomes are small vesicles that are present in various bodily fluids, which contain proteins, nucleic acids, and active biomolecules, and which play a crucial role especially in intercellular communication. In recent years, the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and treatment of diseases has attracted ascending attention. However, the exact role of exosomes in the pathogenesis and theragnostic of AD and PD has not been fully illustrated. In the present review, we first introduce the biogenesis, components, uptake, and function of exosomes. Then we elaborate on the involvement of exosomes in the pathogenesis of AD and PD. Moreover, the application of exosomes in the diagnosis and therapeutics of AD and PD is also summarized and discussed. Additionally, exosomes serving as drug carriers to deliver medications to the central nervous system are specifically addressed. The potential role of exosomes in AD and PD is explored, discussing their applications in diagnosis and treatment, as well as their current limitations. Given the limitation in the application of exosomes, we also propose future perspectives for better utilizing exosomes in NDDs. Hopefully, it would pave ways for expanding the biological applications of exosomes in fundamental research as well as theranostics of NDDs.

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Section: Biogenesis and Composition Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Exosomes in the Pathogenesis and Theranostic of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease

Wang

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…Another bottleneck is the method of isolating EVs. The most commonly used method at present is ultracentrifugation, but this is associated with complicated operations and high equipment costs [ 15 , 150 , 151 ]. Various other methods with a range of advantages and disadvantages have been reported.…”

Section: Drug Delivery System By Extracellular Vesiclementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as communication tools derived from living organisms, are attracting attention in various fields, including medicine, for the treatment and diagnosis of diseases [ 15 ]. In particular, the possibility of manufacturing safe and effective vaccines by encapsulating nucleic acids and viruses has been suggested, and expectations for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are increasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicle-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

Matsuzaka

Yashiro

2023

Vaccines

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Messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) vaccines are mainly used as SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Despite several issues concerning storage, stability, effective period, and side effects, viral vector vaccines are widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Recently, viral vector-encapsulated extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested as useful tools, owing to their safety and ability to escape from neutral antibodies. Herein, we summarize the possible cellular mechanisms underlying EV-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

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“…Because it is suggested that exosomes, among cell supernatant, have crucial roles in cell protection, 10,11 we applied exosomes for further analysis using 3T3 fibroblast Peritoneal Dialysis International 44(3) cells. Western blotting of isolated exosomes from P-Epi and P-Fibro showed positive exosome markers, CD63 and CD81 without cytosol marker, GAPDH (Figure 1(c)), in addition to the vesicle structures observed by TEM (Figure 1(d)), indicating fine exosome isolations.…”

Section: Exosome From P-epi Inhibits Tgf-b-induced Fibrosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive effect of culture supernatant of epithelial-like peritoneal mesothelial cells on peritoneal fibrosis

Takahashi,

Tsuji,

Nakanoh

et al. 2023

Perit Dial Int

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Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a primary reason for discontinuing peritoneal dialysis, which involves characteristic changes of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs). We previously reported preventive effects of implanting human epithelial-like PMCs (P-Epi) for mouse PF caused by mechanical peritoneum scrapings. In the present study, we analysed the preventive effects of culture supernatant of P-Epi in PF. Concentrated culture supernatant of P-Epi or human fibroblast-like PMCs (P-Fibro) or vehicles was injected into nude mice that had undergone mechanical scraping of the parietal and visceral peritoneum, and thickness and amount of adhesions were analysed. Although increased peritoneal adhesions and peritoneum thickening were observed in the vehicle-injected positive control group compared to the sham operation group, fewer number of adhesions and less thickness were observed in the mice treated with culture supernatant of P-Epi, but not P-Fibro, compared to the vehicle-injected positive controls. Immunofluorescent analysis revealed that the expression of extracellular matrix, type I collagen and fibronectin, was lower in the mice treated with culture supernatant of P-Epi than in the vehicle-injected positive controls. In addition, exosomes from P-Epi significantly reduced transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced expressions of type I collagen and fibronectin in 3T3 fibroblast cells. Collectively, culture supernatant of P-Epi has preventive effects on PF, thus cell therapy is not necessarily required. Further exploration of substances secreted by P-Epi and their protective mechanisms could lead to the development of therapeutic strategies to limit PF.

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Advances in Purification, Modification, and Application of Extracellular Vesicles for Novel Clinical Treatments

Cited by 9 publications

References 332 publications

Role of Exosomes in the Pathogenesis and Theranostic of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease

Role of Exosomes in the Pathogenesis and Theranostic of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease

Extracellular Vesicle-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

Preventive effect of culture supernatant of epithelial-like peritoneal mesothelial cells on peritoneal fibrosis

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