Advances in phthalocyanine-sensitized solar cells (PcSSCs)

Abstract

Phthalocyanines are among the most promising of efficient molecules for commercial application in dye sensitized solar cells due to their extremely intense red absorbance and excellent photochemical stability.

Regioregular Phthalocyanines Substituted with Bulky Donors at Non‐Peripheral Positions

“…Phthalocyanines (Pcs) and their metal complexes (MPcs) offer many opportunities for creating novel applications including organic solar cells, organic semiconductors, catalysis, and drugs for photodynamic therapy due to their intense absorption band in the far‐red/near‐IR wavelength regions (the commonly named Q‐band) . The systematically control of their Q‐band wavelengths and energies of the lowest exited states levels has been a critically important issue for enhancing performance in these applications.…”

“…Phthalocyanines (Pcs)a nd their metal complexes (MPcs) offer many opportunitiesf or creatingn ovel applications including organic solar cells, organic semiconductors, catalysis, and drugsf or photodynamic therapy due to their intense absorption band in the far-red/near-IR wavelength regions( the commonly namedQ -band). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] Thes ystematicallyc ontrol of their Q-band wavelengths and energies of the lowest exited states levelsh as been ac ritically importanti ssue for enhancing performance in these applications.T he Q-band wavelengths and energies of the excited stateso fP cs can be tuned by changing the central metal, the peripherals ubstituent, and by reducing the molecular symmetry,b yi ntroducing ring expansion, and by introducing ring distortion. [10][11][12] Among them, the positional effect of substituents on the Pc ring has been well investigated throught he introduction of electron-donatingo re lectron-withdrawing substituents at nonperipheral (a)-or peripheral (b)-benzopositions of the Pc skeleton.…”

Tuning the Structure and Photophysics of a Fluorous Phthalocyanine Platform

“…1,2 In addition to accounting for a large percentage of organic dyes currently in production, 3 Pcs are also routinely investigated for applications ranging from solar energy conversion 4–9 to thin film electronics 10–15 to photodynamic therapy. 16–21 The chemical and thermal stability of these compounds are augmented by diverse photonic properties, including remarkably high molar extinction coefficients and fluorescence efficiencies.…”

Application of phthalocyanines in flow- and sequential-injection analysis and microfluidics systems: A review

“…1) and metallophthallocyanines (MPcs) [7][8][9] play a very important role in human life since their discovery in the early nineteenth century and besides their role as colorful dye stuffs also have a wide variety of applications due to their diverse chemical, structural, electronic, and optical properties. Phthalocyanines and metallophthalocyanines are not only very useful in several innovative and emerging high technological applications like dyes, thermal writing displays, dye-sensitised photovoltaic solar cells, oxidation-, reduction-and photo-catalysis, membrane catalytic reactors, nonlinear optics and photonics, semiconductor materials, gas sensors and biosensors [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], but they also perform a very important role in photodynamic therapy (PDT) [7,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] a novel cancer treatment that is receiving increased attention and where the group of Tobello Nyokong [7,[31][32][33][34][35] is very actively involved as a major role player. Phthalocyanines and metallophthalocyanines are also among the families of photosensitizers that are currently being scrutinized for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy applications [31][32][33]…”